| Streptococcus vestibularis |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Firmicutes, Class Bacilli, Order Lactobacillales, Family Streptococcaceae, Genus Streptococcus, Streptococcus vestibularis
Whiley and Hardie 1988.
Non-groupable with Lancefield antisera (A, B, C, D, E, F & G).
Whiley and Hardie 1988.
Non-groupable with Lancefield antisera (A, B, C, D, E, F & G).
Cells are Gram-positive, 1 μm in diameter, grouped in chains. Nonmotile. Spores are
not produced.
not produced.
Colonies are 1 to 3 mm in diameter colonies, white, convex and glossy with entire
edges. Alpha-hemolytic on horse blood agar. Grow at 37 ºC. No growth at 10 or 45 ºC.
Facultatively anaerobic. No growth in the presence of 4% NaCl, or in the presence of
0.0004% (wt/vol) crystal violet. Most strains grow in the presence of 10% (wt/vol) bile
but not in the presence of 40% (wt/vol) bile.
Media: Trypticase soy agar with 5% sheep blood, Brain heart infusion agar or broth,
Mitis-Salivarius agar, TYC agar. Extracellular polysaccharide is not produced on
sucrose agar.
edges. Alpha-hemolytic on horse blood agar. Grow at 37 ºC. No growth at 10 or 45 ºC.
Facultatively anaerobic. No growth in the presence of 4% NaCl, or in the presence of
0.0004% (wt/vol) crystal violet. Most strains grow in the presence of 10% (wt/vol) bile
but not in the presence of 40% (wt/vol) bile.
Media: Trypticase soy agar with 5% sheep blood, Brain heart infusion agar or broth,
Mitis-Salivarius agar, TYC agar. Extracellular polysaccharide is not produced on
sucrose agar.
Isolated from human oral cavity (vestibule of the mouth).
Rarely a human pathogen. May produce endocarditis of the prosthetic valve, dental infections, bacteremia or septicaemia in immuno-
supressed organisms.
supressed organisms.
- Whiley R.A. & Hardie J.M.: Streptococcus vestibularis sp. nov. from the human oral cavity. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1988, 38, 335-339.
- A. Dilek Simsek, Siren Sezer, Nurhan F. Ozdemir & Haberal Mehmet: Streptococcus vestibularis bacteremia following dental
extraction in a patient on long-term hemodialysis: a case report. NDT Plus 2008 1(4):276-277. - Holt J.G., Krieg N.R., Sneath P.H.A., Staley J.T. and Williams S.T., 1994. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, Ninth Edition,
Williams & Wilkins, A Waverly Company, Baltimore, pp 527-558. - Robert A. Whiley and Jeremy M. Hardie, 2009. Genus I. Streptococcus Rosenbach 1884, 22AL. In: (Eds.) P.D. Vos, G. Garrity, D.
Jones, N.R. Krieg, W. Ludwig, F.A. Rainey, K.-H. Schleifer, W.B. Whitman. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 3: The
Firmicutes, Springer, 655-711.
Positive results for esculin hydrolysis, beta-galactosidasehydrogen peroxide production, starch hydrolysis, urease, Voges-Proskauer
test, acid production from: N-acetylglucosamine, amygdalin (most strains), arbutin, cellobiose (most strains), fructose, galactose,
glucose, lactose, maltose, mannose, salicin & sucrose.
Negative results for alkaline phosphatase, arginine hydrolysis, alpha-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, hippurate hydrolysis,
pyrolidnylarylamidase, acid production from: adonitol, arabinose, dextrin, dulcitol, fucose, glycerol, glycogen, inositol, inulin, mannitol,
melezitose, melibiose, raffinose, ribitol, ribose, sorbitol, starch & xylose. Few strains produce acid from trehalose.
test, acid production from: N-acetylglucosamine, amygdalin (most strains), arbutin, cellobiose (most strains), fructose, galactose,
glucose, lactose, maltose, mannose, salicin & sucrose.
Negative results for alkaline phosphatase, arginine hydrolysis, alpha-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, hippurate hydrolysis,
pyrolidnylarylamidase, acid production from: adonitol, arabinose, dextrin, dulcitol, fucose, glycerol, glycogen, inositol, inulin, mannitol,
melezitose, melibiose, raffinose, ribitol, ribose, sorbitol, starch & xylose. Few strains produce acid from trehalose.
(c) Costin Stoica
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