| Listeria innocua |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Firmicutes, Class Bacilli, Order Bacillales, Family Listeriaceae, Genus Listeria, Listeria innocua (ex Seeliger and Schoofs
1979) Seeliger 1983. Has 3 serovars (4ab, 6a,6b), with 7 somatic (O factor) antigens (III, V, VI, VII, IX, XVI, XXI) and 3 flagella (H factor)
antigens (A, B, C).
1979) Seeliger 1983. Has 3 serovars (4ab, 6a,6b), with 7 somatic (O factor) antigens (III, V, VI, VII, IX, XVI, XXI) and 3 flagella (H factor)
antigens (A, B, C).
Gram-positive short rods or coccobacilli, 0.4-0.5 x 0.5-2 µm, with rounded ends.
Coccoid forms are sometimes seen in smears from liquid cultures. Usually occur
singly or in short chains, palisades or diplo. Nonspore-forming. Motile with 2-6
peritrichous flagella when cultured between 30 ºC and 20 ºC. Expression of the
structural gene for the flagellin protein (flaA) has been shown to be temperature
regulated and repressed at 37 ºC. High-level expression is seen at 25 ºC,
corresponding to the temperature at which tumbling motility is observed.
Coccoid forms are sometimes seen in smears from liquid cultures. Usually occur
singly or in short chains, palisades or diplo. Nonspore-forming. Motile with 2-6
peritrichous flagella when cultured between 30 ºC and 20 ºC. Expression of the
structural gene for the flagellin protein (flaA) has been shown to be temperature
regulated and repressed at 37 ºC. High-level expression is seen at 25 ºC,
corresponding to the temperature at which tumbling motility is observed.
Grows well on blood agar base, nutrient, tryptose, and tryptose soy or brain heart
infusion agars; growth is enhanced by the addition of 0.2–1% (w/v) glucose, blood or
serum. On nutrient agar produces small (0.75 mm in diameter), translucent, grayish
colonies. Beta-hemolysis is not produced. CAMP test is negative both with
Rhodococcus equi and Staphylococcus aureus. Facultatively anaerobic. Multiply
rapidly in milk. Grows at/on: pH 5.5-9.0. Grows in peptone water plus 10% NaCl.
infusion agars; growth is enhanced by the addition of 0.2–1% (w/v) glucose, blood or
serum. On nutrient agar produces small (0.75 mm in diameter), translucent, grayish
colonies. Beta-hemolysis is not produced. CAMP test is negative both with
Rhodococcus equi and Staphylococcus aureus. Facultatively anaerobic. Multiply
rapidly in milk. Grows at/on: pH 5.5-9.0. Grows in peptone water plus 10% NaCl.
Widely distributed in nature, found in soil, mud, sewage, vegetation, and in the feces of animals and man.
Grow in the presence of 0.025% (w/v) thallous acetate; 3.75% (w/v) potassium thiocyanate; 0.04% (w/v) potassium tellurite and 10 µg /
ml tripaflavine. Not grow in the presence of 0.02% (w/v) sodium azide.
Plasmids encoding resistance to tetracycline alone, trimethoprim alone, and multiresistance to chloramphenicol, erythromycin,
streptomycin and tetracycline have been detected, although these are rare. Two bacteriocins have been found to be encoded by on a
plasmid. Is usually sensitive to amikacin, amoxycillin, ampicillin, azlocillin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin coumermycin,
doxycycline, enoxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, imipen, netilmicin, penicillin, rifampin, trimethoprim, and vancomycin.
Resistant to the cephalosporins, phosphomycin, and polymyxin.
Grow in the presence of 0.025% (w/v) thallous acetate; 3.75% (w/v) potassium thiocyanate; 0.04% (w/v) potassium tellurite and 10 µg /
ml tripaflavine. Not grow in the presence of 0.02% (w/v) sodium azide.
Plasmids encoding resistance to tetracycline alone, trimethoprim alone, and multiresistance to chloramphenicol, erythromycin,
streptomycin and tetracycline have been detected, although these are rare. Two bacteriocins have been found to be encoded by on a
plasmid. Is usually sensitive to amikacin, amoxycillin, ampicillin, azlocillin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin coumermycin,
doxycycline, enoxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, imipen, netilmicin, penicillin, rifampin, trimethoprim, and vancomycin.
Resistant to the cephalosporins, phosphomycin, and polymyxin.
Not pathogenic for animals and man. Pathogenicity for mice is negative.
- Hammes W.P. and Hertel C., 2009. Genus I. Listeria Pirie 1940. In: (Eds.) P.D. Vos, G. Garrity, D. Jones, N.R. Krieg, W. Ludwig, F.
A. Rainey, K.-H. Schleifer, W.B. Whitman. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 3: The Firmicutes, Springer, 244-
257. - McLauchlin J., 2005. Listeria. In: Topley & Wilson’s Microbiology & Microbial Infections, 10th Edition, Edited by Borriello S.P.,
Murray P.R. and Funke G., 953-969. - Khelef N., Lecuit M., Buchrieser C., Cabanes D., Dussurget O. and Cossart P., 2006. Listeria monocytogenes and the genus
Listeria. In: Dworkin M., Falkow S., Rosenberg E., Schleifer K.H., Stackebrandt (Editors), The Prokaryotes, A Handbook on the
Biology of Bacteria, Third Edition, Volume 4, Bacteria: Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, Springer, Chapter 1.2.11, 404-476. - Den Bakker, H. C., Warchocki, S., Wright, E. M., Allred, A. F., Ahlstrom, C., Manuel, C. S., Stasiewicz, M. J., Burrell, A., Roof, S.,
Strawn, L. K., Fortes, E., Nightingale, K. K., Kephart, D. and Wiedmann, M. 2014. Listeria floridensis sp. nov., Listeria aquatica sp.
nov., Listeria cornellensis sp. nov., Listeria riparia sp. nov. and Listeria grandensis sp. nov., from agricultural and natural
environments. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 64, 1882-1889.
Positive results for catalase, chymotrypsin, esculin hydrolysis, alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucosidase, hippurate hydrolysis, leucine
esterase, methyl-red, acid phosphatase, Voges-Proskauer, amino acid peptidase: D-alanine & lysine; acid production from: esculin,
D-glucose, glycerol, lactose, methyl alpha-D-glucoside, methyl alpha-D-mannoside, trehalose, turanose, salicin & xylitol.
Negative results for casein hydrolysis, cellulose hydrolysis, citrate utilization, H2S production, indole production, gelatin hydrolysis,
lecithinase, nitrates reduction to nitrites, oxidase, urea hydrolysis, amino acid peptidase: ornithine, glutamic acid & arginine; cystine
arylamidase, acid production from: L-arabinose, dextrin, galactose, gluconate, glucose-1-phosphate, glycogen, D-mannitol,
melibiose, ribose, sorbitol, soluble starch & D-xylose.
Variable results for N-acetyl-beta-glucosamidase, starch hydrolysis, acid production from: 5-ketogluconate, D-lyxose, melezitose,
rhamnose, sucrose & tagatose.
esterase, methyl-red, acid phosphatase, Voges-Proskauer, amino acid peptidase: D-alanine & lysine; acid production from: esculin,
D-glucose, glycerol, lactose, methyl alpha-D-glucoside, methyl alpha-D-mannoside, trehalose, turanose, salicin & xylitol.
Negative results for casein hydrolysis, cellulose hydrolysis, citrate utilization, H2S production, indole production, gelatin hydrolysis,
lecithinase, nitrates reduction to nitrites, oxidase, urea hydrolysis, amino acid peptidase: ornithine, glutamic acid & arginine; cystine
arylamidase, acid production from: L-arabinose, dextrin, galactose, gluconate, glucose-1-phosphate, glycogen, D-mannitol,
melibiose, ribose, sorbitol, soluble starch & D-xylose.
Variable results for N-acetyl-beta-glucosamidase, starch hydrolysis, acid production from: 5-ketogluconate, D-lyxose, melezitose,
rhamnose, sucrose & tagatose.
(c) Costin Stoica
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