| Chryseobacterium gleum, Chryseobacterium balustinum and Elizabethkingia meningoseptica |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Bacteroidota, Class Flavobacteriia, Order Flavobacteriales, Family Weeksellaceae, Genus Chryseobacterium,
- Chryseobacterium gleum (Holmes et al. 1984) Vandamme et al. 1994, type strain of the genus.
Basonym: Flavobacterium gleum Holmes et al. 1984.
- Chryseobacterium balustinum (Harrison 1929) Vandamme et al. 1994.
Basonym: Flavobacterium balustinum Harrison 1929.
- Elizabethkingia meningoseptica (King 1959) Kim et al. 2005.
Synonyms: Chryseobacterium meningosepticum (King 1959) Vandamme et al. 1994, Flavobacterium meningosepticum King 1959.
- Chryseobacterium gleum (Holmes et al. 1984) Vandamme et al. 1994, type strain of the genus.
Basonym: Flavobacterium gleum Holmes et al. 1984.
- Chryseobacterium balustinum (Harrison 1929) Vandamme et al. 1994.
Basonym: Flavobacterium balustinum Harrison 1929.
- Elizabethkingia meningoseptica (King 1959) Kim et al. 2005.
Synonyms: Chryseobacterium meningosepticum (King 1959) Vandamme et al. 1994, Flavobacterium meningosepticum King 1959.
Gram-negative rods of regular shape with rounded ends, 2.0-3.0 μm long. PBH
inclusions not present. Non-motile. Non-spore-forming.
inclusions not present. Non-motile. Non-spore-forming.
Colonies are circular, entire, viscid or butyrous in consistency on nutrient agar,
becoming mucoid and translucent after incubation for 5 days. Non-hemolytic on 5%
(vol/vol) horse blood agar. On nutrient agar, a non-fluorescent, bright yellow pigment
is produced, wich turns red upon addition of 20% KOH. A water-soluble brown
pigment is produced on tyrosine agar. C. meningosepticum colonies are pale yellow
or non-pigmented. Aerobic. Grows at room temperature and at 37 ºC but not at 5 ºC.
Most strains can grow at 42 ºC. Does not tolerate KCN at a concentration of 0.0075%
(wt/vol). Grows on beta-hydroxybutyrate (without production of lipid inclusion granules)
and on MacConkey agar, but not on cetrimide agar. No reduction of selenite and no
deamination of phenylalanine.
becoming mucoid and translucent after incubation for 5 days. Non-hemolytic on 5%
(vol/vol) horse blood agar. On nutrient agar, a non-fluorescent, bright yellow pigment
is produced, wich turns red upon addition of 20% KOH. A water-soluble brown
pigment is produced on tyrosine agar. C. meningosepticum colonies are pale yellow
or non-pigmented. Aerobic. Grows at room temperature and at 37 ºC but not at 5 ºC.
Most strains can grow at 42 ºC. Does not tolerate KCN at a concentration of 0.0075%
(wt/vol). Grows on beta-hydroxybutyrate (without production of lipid inclusion granules)
and on MacConkey agar, but not on cetrimide agar. No reduction of selenite and no
deamination of phenylalanine.
C. gleum was isolated from human clinical specimens (mostly from vaginal specimens).
C. balustinum was isolated from heart blood of fish.
E. meningoseptica was isolated from spinal fluid from newborn.
C. balustinum was isolated from heart blood of fish.
E. meningoseptica was isolated from spinal fluid from newborn.
Undetermined.
E. meningoseptica is associated with meningitis and septicaemia.
E. meningoseptica is associated with meningitis and septicaemia.
- Holmes B, Owen RJ, Steigerwalt AG, Brenner DJ. Flavobacterium gleum, a new species found in human clinical specimens. Int.
J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1984; 34:21-25. - BacDive in 2022: the knowledge base for standardized bacterial and archaeal data. Lorenz Christian Reimer, Joaquim Sardà
Carbasse, Julia Koblitz, Christian Ebeling, Adam Podstawka, Jorg Overmann Nucleic Acids Research; database issue 2022.
Positive results for catalase, casein digestion, cystine arylamidase, esculin hydrolysis, alpha- and beta-glucosidase, esterase (C4),
esterase lipase (C8), indole production, lipase (C14), leucine arylamidase, lecithinase, oxidase, phosphatase, Tween 20 and 80,
N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, valine arylamidase, acid production from: fructose, glucose (without gas
production)(negative in API 20 NE), glycerol, maltose and trehalose.
Negative results for arginine dihydrolase, citrate utilization (Simmons), malonate utilization, alpha- and beta-galactosidase (C.
meningosepticum is positive for beta-galactosidase), beta-glucuronidase, H2S production, alpha-mannosidase, alpha-fucosidase,
lysine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, acid production from: adonitol, cellobiose, dulcitol, inositol, lactose, mannitol,
raffinose, rhamnose, salicin, sorbitol and sucrose.
No utilization (API 20 NE) of: arabinose, mannose, mannitol, maltose, N-acetylglucosamine, gluconate, caprate, adipate, malate,
citrate, and phenylacetate.
Variable results or gelatin hydrolysis, nitrate and nitrite reduction, DNase, tyrosine hydrolysis, urease (Christensen medium), acid
production from: arabinose, glycerol and xylose.
C. gleum differs from C. balustinum in producing acid from maltose and trehalose and in hydrolyzing the substrates
L-glutamine-beta-naphthylamide hydrochloride and 2-naphthyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.
esterase lipase (C8), indole production, lipase (C14), leucine arylamidase, lecithinase, oxidase, phosphatase, Tween 20 and 80,
N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, valine arylamidase, acid production from: fructose, glucose (without gas
production)(negative in API 20 NE), glycerol, maltose and trehalose.
Negative results for arginine dihydrolase, citrate utilization (Simmons), malonate utilization, alpha- and beta-galactosidase (C.
meningosepticum is positive for beta-galactosidase), beta-glucuronidase, H2S production, alpha-mannosidase, alpha-fucosidase,
lysine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, acid production from: adonitol, cellobiose, dulcitol, inositol, lactose, mannitol,
raffinose, rhamnose, salicin, sorbitol and sucrose.
No utilization (API 20 NE) of: arabinose, mannose, mannitol, maltose, N-acetylglucosamine, gluconate, caprate, adipate, malate,
citrate, and phenylacetate.
Variable results or gelatin hydrolysis, nitrate and nitrite reduction, DNase, tyrosine hydrolysis, urease (Christensen medium), acid
production from: arabinose, glycerol and xylose.
C. gleum differs from C. balustinum in producing acid from maltose and trehalose and in hydrolyzing the substrates
L-glutamine-beta-naphthylamide hydrochloride and 2-naphthyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.
(c) Costin Stoica
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