| Faecalicoccus pleomorphus |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Bacillota (Firmicutes), Class Erysipelotrichia, Order Erysipelothrichales, Family Erysipelotrichaceae, Genus Faecalicoccus,
Faecalicoccus pleomorphus (Barnes et al. 1979) De Maesschalck et al. 2014.
Old synonym: Streptococcus pleomorphus Barnes et al. 1979.
Faecalicoccus pleomorphus (Barnes et al. 1979) De Maesschalck et al. 2014.
Old synonym: Streptococcus pleomorphus Barnes et al. 1979.
Gram-positive, pleomorphic cocci, occurring singly, in pairs and short chains; size
and shape may vary considerably according to the medium and conditions of growth.
May become Gram-negative within 24 hours.
and shape may vary considerably according to the medium and conditions of growth.
May become Gram-negative within 24 hours.
Colonies are 2 to 3 mm in diameter, circular, convex, with an irregular edge. On VL
blood agar some strains may be weak beta-hemolytic. Growth in broth is flocculent.
On M2GSC agar, grows in white colonies of 1.0-1.5 mm after 48 h incubation in
anaerobic conditions at 38 ºC. Overnight growth in M2GSC broth results in formation
of moderate amounts of butyric acid and formic acid. Anaerobic, no growth occurring
in air or air containing 10% CO2. No growth at 20 ºC, good growth at 37 and 45 ºC.
blood agar some strains may be weak beta-hemolytic. Growth in broth is flocculent.
On M2GSC agar, grows in white colonies of 1.0-1.5 mm after 48 h incubation in
anaerobic conditions at 38 ºC. Overnight growth in M2GSC broth results in formation
of moderate amounts of butyric acid and formic acid. Anaerobic, no growth occurring
in air or air containing 10% CO2. No growth at 20 ºC, good growth at 37 and 45 ºC.
Isolated from the intestines of birds (chickens, turkeys, ducks) and occasionally human faeces.
Unknown.
- Barnes (E.M.), Impey (C.S.), Stevens (B.J.H.) and Peel (J.L.): Steptococcus pleomorphus sp. nov.: an anaerobic streptococcus
isolated mainly from the caeca of birds. Journal of General Microbiology, 1977, 102, 45-53. - Holt J.G., Krieg N.R., Sneath P.H.A., Staley J.T. and Williams S.T., 1994. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, Ninth
Edition, Williams & Wilkins, A Waverly Company, Baltimore, pp 527-558. - EUZÉBY (J.P.): List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature: a folder available on the Internet. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.,
1997, 47, 590-592. (List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature. https://www.bacterio.net). - De Maesschalck C, Van Immerseel F, Eeckhaut V, De Baere S, Cnockaert M, Croubels S, Haesebrouck F, Ducatelle R,
Vandamme P. Faecalicoccus acidiformans gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the chicken caecum, and reclassification of
Streptococcus pleomorphus (Barnes et al. 1977), Eubacterium biforme (Eggerth 1935) and Eubacterium cylindroides (Cato et al.
1974) as Faecalicoccus pleomorphus comb. nov., Holdemanella biformis gen. nov., comb. nov. and Faecalitalea cylindroides
gen. nov., comb. nov., respectively, within the family Erysipelotrichaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2014; 64:3877-3884.
Glucose is fermented by homolactic fermentation to L-lactic acid. Gas is not produced. Small quantities of butyric, formic and
sometimes acetic and succinic acids may be produced.
Positive results for acid phosphatase, leucine arylamidase and naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, leucine arylamidase, arginine
arylamidase, pyroglutamic acid arylamidase, glycine arylamidase, histidine arylamidase, alanine arylamidase, acid production from
glucose, fructose and usually mannose. H2S production is weak.
Negative results for alkaline phosphatase, arginine dihydrolase, alpha-arabinosidase, catalase, cystine arylamidase, aesculin
hydrolysis, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), alpha-fucosidase, alpha- and beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha- and
beta-glucosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, glutamic acid decarboxylase, indole production, lipase (C14), alpha-mannosidase,
nitrate reduction, proline arylamidase, phenylalanine arylamidase, tyrosine arylamidase, serine arylamidase, glutamyl glutamic acid
arylamidase, trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, urease, valine arylamidase, acid production from: L-arabinose, cellobiose, dextrin, galactose,
inositol, lactose, maltose, mannitol, melezitose, raffinose, D-sorbitol, L-rhamnose, salicin, starch, sucrose, trehalose and D-xylose.
Variable results for gelatin liquefaction.
sometimes acetic and succinic acids may be produced.
Positive results for acid phosphatase, leucine arylamidase and naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, leucine arylamidase, arginine
arylamidase, pyroglutamic acid arylamidase, glycine arylamidase, histidine arylamidase, alanine arylamidase, acid production from
glucose, fructose and usually mannose. H2S production is weak.
Negative results for alkaline phosphatase, arginine dihydrolase, alpha-arabinosidase, catalase, cystine arylamidase, aesculin
hydrolysis, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), alpha-fucosidase, alpha- and beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha- and
beta-glucosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, glutamic acid decarboxylase, indole production, lipase (C14), alpha-mannosidase,
nitrate reduction, proline arylamidase, phenylalanine arylamidase, tyrosine arylamidase, serine arylamidase, glutamyl glutamic acid
arylamidase, trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, urease, valine arylamidase, acid production from: L-arabinose, cellobiose, dextrin, galactose,
inositol, lactose, maltose, mannitol, melezitose, raffinose, D-sorbitol, L-rhamnose, salicin, starch, sucrose, trehalose and D-xylose.
Variable results for gelatin liquefaction.
(c) Costin Stoica
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