| Staphylococcus hominis |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Bacillota (Firmicutes), Class Bacilli, Order Bacillales, Family Staphylococcaceae, Genus Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus
hominis Kloos and Schleifer 1975, two subspecies:
- Staphylococcus hominis subsp. hominis Kloos and Schleifer 1975,
- Staphylococcus hominis subsp. novobiosepticus Kloos et al. 1998.
hominis Kloos and Schleifer 1975, two subspecies:
- Staphylococcus hominis subsp. hominis Kloos and Schleifer 1975,
- Staphylococcus hominis subsp. novobiosepticus Kloos et al. 1998.
Gram-positive cocci, 1-1.5 μm in diameter, nonmotile, nonsporing, occuring singly, or
forming tetrads & pairs.
forming tetrads & pairs.
Colonies are smooth, opaque, raised to umbonate, and butyrous, with entire
margins, grayish-white or cream to yellow-orange. Facultative anaerobe, but growth is
much better under aerobic conditions and very poor anaerobically. Nonhemolytic on
sheep or bovine blood agar. Temperature range for growth 20-45 ºC; optimum 30-40
ºC. Grows on Trypticase Soy Agar ± 5% sheep blood, P agar.
margins, grayish-white or cream to yellow-orange. Facultative anaerobe, but growth is
much better under aerobic conditions and very poor anaerobically. Nonhemolytic on
sheep or bovine blood agar. Temperature range for growth 20-45 ºC; optimum 30-40
ºC. Grows on Trypticase Soy Agar ± 5% sheep blood, P agar.
Isolated from human and animal skin and clinical specimens (blood cultures, wounds).
Commensal of the skin. May produce nosocomial infections in neonates and catetherized patients.
- Holt J.G., Krieg N.R., Sneath P.H.A., Staley J.T., Wiliams S.T., 1994. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, Ninth Edition,
Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. Group 17, Gram-Positive Cocci, 527-558. - Kloos W.E. & Schleifer K.H.: Isolation and characterization of staphylococci from human skin. II. Description of four new species:
Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus hominis, and Staphylococcus simulans. International Journal of
Systematic Bacteriology, 1975, 25, 62-79. - Kloos W.E., George C.G., Olgiate J.S., Van Pelt L., McKinnon M.L., Zimmer B.L., Muller E., Weinstein M.P. & Mirrett S.:
Staphylococcus hominis subsp. novobiosepticus subsp. nov., a novel trehalose- and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-negative,
novobiocin- and multiple-antibiotic-resistant subspecies isolated from human blood cultures. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1998, 48, 799-
812. - Karl-Heinz Schleifer and Julia A. Bell, 2009. Family VIII. Staphylococcaceae fam. nov.. In: (Eds.) P.D. Vos, G. Garrity, D. Jones, N.R.
Krieg, W. Ludwig, F.A. Rainey, K.-H. Schleifer, W.B. Whitman. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 3: The
Firmicutes, Springer, 392-426.
S. hominis subsp. novobiosepticus can be distinguished mainly from S. hominis subsp. hominis by its novobiocin resistance, lack of
arginine dihydrolase activity and failure to produce acid aerobically from D- trehalose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
Positive results for catalase, lipase, urease, acid production from beta-D-fructose, D-glucose, glycerol, maltose and sucrose.
Negative results for oxidase, alkaline phosphatase, caseinase, coagulase, DN-ase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase,
beta-glucuronidase, gelatinase, ornithine decarboxylase, staphylocoagulase, acid production from: L-arabinose, D-cellobiose,
D-mannose, D-raffinose, salicin, D-sorbitol and D-xylose.
Variable results for arginine dihydrolase (negative for subsp. novobiosepticus), acid production from: N-acetylglucosamine (negative
for subsp. novobiosepticus), galactose, alpha-lactose, D-mannitol, D-melezitose, D-trehalose (negative for subsp. novobiosepticus)
and turanose.
arginine dihydrolase activity and failure to produce acid aerobically from D- trehalose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
Positive results for catalase, lipase, urease, acid production from beta-D-fructose, D-glucose, glycerol, maltose and sucrose.
Negative results for oxidase, alkaline phosphatase, caseinase, coagulase, DN-ase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase,
beta-glucuronidase, gelatinase, ornithine decarboxylase, staphylocoagulase, acid production from: L-arabinose, D-cellobiose,
D-mannose, D-raffinose, salicin, D-sorbitol and D-xylose.
Variable results for arginine dihydrolase (negative for subsp. novobiosepticus), acid production from: N-acetylglucosamine (negative
for subsp. novobiosepticus), galactose, alpha-lactose, D-mannitol, D-melezitose, D-trehalose (negative for subsp. novobiosepticus)
and turanose.
(c) Costin Stoica
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