| Comamonas kerstersii (C. terrigena DNA group 3) colonies on MacConkey agar (left) and Sheep Blood Agar (right) |
| C. kerstersii (C. terrigena DNA group 3) Gram staining |
| Comamonas terrigena |
Positive results for catalase, nitrates reduction (but not nitrites), oxidase, pyrrolidone
arylamidase and tyrosine hydrolysis.
Can utilize for growth: L-alanine, acetate, L-aspartate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, isobutyrate,
lactate, L-leucine, L-proline, suberate, succinate, propionate, pyruvate & valerate.
Simmons’ citrate agar test may be positive, but irregular and delayed.
Negative results for alkaline phosphatase, arginine dihydrolase, esculin hydrolysis,
gelatin hydrolysis, H2S production, indole production, lysine decarboxylase, ornithine
decarboxylase, starch hydrolysis, Tween 80 hydrolysis and urease. Carbohydrates
are neither acidified nor assimilated. Cannot utilize L-arginine, benzoate, m-erythritol,
glycine, glycerol (type strain is positive), glycolate, L-histidine, 3-hydroxybenzoate, 4-
hydroxybenzoate, 2- and 5-ketogluconate, maleate, malonate, L-serine, D- or L-
tartrate, trigonelline, L-threonine (type strain is positive), L-tryptophan and L-valine.
Variable results for the utilization of caprate, gluconate, itaconate, mesaconate and
phenylalanine.
arylamidase and tyrosine hydrolysis.
Can utilize for growth: L-alanine, acetate, L-aspartate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, isobutyrate,
lactate, L-leucine, L-proline, suberate, succinate, propionate, pyruvate & valerate.
Simmons’ citrate agar test may be positive, but irregular and delayed.
Negative results for alkaline phosphatase, arginine dihydrolase, esculin hydrolysis,
gelatin hydrolysis, H2S production, indole production, lysine decarboxylase, ornithine
decarboxylase, starch hydrolysis, Tween 80 hydrolysis and urease. Carbohydrates
are neither acidified nor assimilated. Cannot utilize L-arginine, benzoate, m-erythritol,
glycine, glycerol (type strain is positive), glycolate, L-histidine, 3-hydroxybenzoate, 4-
hydroxybenzoate, 2- and 5-ketogluconate, maleate, malonate, L-serine, D- or L-
tartrate, trigonelline, L-threonine (type strain is positive), L-tryptophan and L-valine.
Variable results for the utilization of caprate, gluconate, itaconate, mesaconate and
phenylalanine.
Differential characters of C. testosteroni, C. terrigena, C. aquatica and C. kerstersii:
|
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria), Class Betaproteobacteria, Order Burkholderiales, Family Comamonadaceae, Genus
Comamonas, Comamonas terrigena (ex Hugh 1962) De Vos et al. 1985, emend. Wauters et al. 2003 - type species of the genus.
- Comamonas terrigena DNA group 2 (containing former Aquaspirillum aquaticum) changed into Comamonas aquatica.
- Comamonas terrigena DNA group 3 changed into Comamonas kerstersii.
Comamonas, Comamonas terrigena (ex Hugh 1962) De Vos et al. 1985, emend. Wauters et al. 2003 - type species of the genus.
- Comamonas terrigena DNA group 2 (containing former Aquaspirillum aquaticum) changed into Comamonas aquatica.
- Comamonas terrigena DNA group 3 changed into Comamonas kerstersii.
Gram-negative rods, Motile by multitrichous polar flagella, often with bipolar tufts.
After 24 h incubation at 30 ºC, colonies reach a diameter of 1.0 mm on blood agar.
Grows aerobically on Tryptic Soy agar and broth at 30 and 35 ºC; not at 40 ºC. No
growth on cetrimide. Can grow on Drigalski-Conradi agar.
Grows aerobically on Tryptic Soy agar and broth at 30 and 35 ºC; not at 40 ºC. No
growth on cetrimide. Can grow on Drigalski-Conradi agar.
Isolated from hay-infusion filtrate, soil and human sample. Susceptible to desferrioxamine and colistin.
Undetermined. One report of human acute bacterial endocarditis due to C. terrigena.
- Wauters (G.), De Baere (T.), Willems (A.), Falsen (E.) and Vaneechoutte (M.): Description of Comamonas aquatica comb. nov. and
Comamonas kerstersii sp. nov. for two subgroups of Comamonas terrigena and emended description of Comamonas terrigena.
Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2003, 53, 859-862. - Euzeby (J.P.): List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature: a folder available on the Internet. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.,
1997, 47, 590-592. (List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature. https://www.bacterio.net). - Anne Willems and Monique Gillis: Family IV. Comamonadaceae Willems, De Ley, Gillis and Kersters 1991a,447VP, Genus I.
Comamonas in Beregey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Second Edition Volume Two The Proteobacteria Part C The Alpha-,
Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria, George M. Garrity (Editor-in-Chief), 2005, 689-696. - Sonnenwirth AC. 1970. Bacteremia with and without meningitis due to Yersinia enterocolitica, Edwardsiella tarda, Comamonas
terrigena, and Pseudomonas maltophilia. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 174:488–502. - Willems, A., Pot, B., Falsen, E., Vandamme, P., Gillis, M., Kersters, K., & De Ley, J. (1991). Polyphasic taxonomic study of the
emended genus Comamonas: relationship to Aquaspirillum aquaticum, E. Falsen group 10, and other clinical isolates.
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 41(3), 427-444.
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