| Antibiogram |
| Cronobacter universalis |
Legend: + positive 90-100%, - negative 90-100%, [+] positive 75-89%, [-] negative 75-89%, d positive 25-74% of strains
|
Differential characters between Cronobacter species:
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria), Class Gammaproteobacteria, Order Enterobacterales, Family Enterobacteriaceae,
Genus Cronobacter, Cronobacter universalis Joseph et al. 2012.
Genus Cronobacter, Cronobacter universalis Joseph et al. 2012.
Gram-negative rods. Non-spore-forming. Variable motility (the type strain is
non-motile).
non-motile).
Colonies on TSA incubated at 37 ºC for 24 hours are 2-3 mm in diameter, opaque,
circular and yellow. Grows on MacConkey agar. In TSB, grows at 45 ºC (optimum
37 ºC), but not at 5 ºC. No haemolysis is observed on sheep blood agar at 37 ºC.
Facultatively anaerobic.
circular and yellow. Grows on MacConkey agar. In TSB, grows at 45 ºC (optimum
37 ºC), but not at 5 ºC. No haemolysis is observed on sheep blood agar at 37 ºC.
Facultatively anaerobic.
Isolated from fresh water. Resistant to doxycycline. Sensitive to amikacin, ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime,
cefuroxime, cefpodoxime, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, imipenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, trimethoprim,
ceftazidime/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime/clavulanic acid, and cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid.
cefuroxime, cefpodoxime, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, imipenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, trimethoprim,
ceftazidime/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime/clavulanic acid, and cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid.
Undetermined.
- Adeolu M, Alnajar S, Naushad S, S Gupta R. Genome-based phylogeny and taxonomy of the 'Enterobacteriales': proposal for
Enterobacterales ord. nov. divided into the families Enterobacteriaceae, Erwiniaceae fam. nov., Pectobacteriaceae fam. nov.,
Yersiniaceae fam. nov., Hafniaceae fam. nov., Morganellaceae fam. nov., and Budviciaceae fam. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016;
66:5575-5599. - Iversen C, Mullane N, McCardell B, Tall BD, Lehner A, Fanning S, Stephan R, Joosten H. Cronobacter gen. nov., a new genus to
accommodate the biogroups of Enterobacter sakazakii, and proposal of Cronobacter sakazakii gen. nov., comb. nov., Cronobacter
malonaticus sp. nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov.,
Cronobacter genomospecies 1, and of three subspecies, Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. dublinensis subsp. nov., Cronobacter
dublinensis subsp. lausannensis subsp. nov. and Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. lactaridi subsp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol
2008; 58:1442-1447. - Iversen C, Lehner A, Mullane N, Bidlas E, Cleenwerck I, Marugg J, Fanning S, Stephan R, Joosten H. The taxonomy of Enterobacter
sakazakii: proposal of a new genus Cronobacter gen. nov. and descriptions of Cronobacter sakazakii comb. nov. Cronobacter
sakazakii subsp. sakazakii, comb. nov., Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. malonaticus subsp. nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov.,
Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov. and Cronobacter genomospecies 1. BMC Evol Biol 2007; 7:64. - Joseph S, Cetinkaya E, Drahovska H, Levican A, Figueras MJ, Forsythe SJ. Cronobacter condimenti sp. nov., isolated from spiced
meat, and Cronobacter universalis sp. nov., a species designation for Cronobacter sp. genomospecies 1, recovered from a leg
infection, water and food ingredients. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2012; 62:1277-1283.
Positive results for arginine dihydrolase, catalase, citrate utilization, DNase, alpha-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, malonate
utilization, nitrate reduction, ornithine decarboxylase, Voges-Proskauer test, acid production from L-arabinose, amygdalin, cellobiose,
glucose (without gas production), inositol, mannitol, melibiose, rhamnose, and saccharose.
Can ferment/oxidize L-arabinose, arbutin, cellobiose, esculin, D- and L-fucose, D-fructose, galactose, D-glucose, glycerol, 10-methyl
alpha-D-glucopyranoside, galacturonic acid, beta-gentiobiose, myo-inositol, D-mannose, lactose, D-mannitol, N-acetylglucosamine,
salicin, maltose, melibiose sucrose, trehalose, raffinose, L-rhamnose, ribose, and D-xylose.
Negative results for gelatin hydrolysis, H2S production, indole production, lysine decarboxylase, methyl red test, oxidase, urease, acid
production from adonitol, D-sorbitol and 5-ketogluconate.
No fermentation/oxidation of dulcitol, inositol, melezitose, turanose, lactulose, putrescine, cis- or transaconitate, 4-aminobutyrate,
maltitol, palatinose, D-erythritol, D-arabinose, adonitol, methyl beta-D-xyloside, L-sorbose, dulcitol, sorbitol, methyl
alpha-D-glucoside, inulin, glycogen, xylitol, D-lyxose, D-tagatose, D-arabitol, L-arabitol, gluconate, 2-ketogluconate or 5-ketogluconate.
Variable fermentation/oxidation of cis-aconitate and palatinose and production of gas from glucose.
utilization, nitrate reduction, ornithine decarboxylase, Voges-Proskauer test, acid production from L-arabinose, amygdalin, cellobiose,
glucose (without gas production), inositol, mannitol, melibiose, rhamnose, and saccharose.
Can ferment/oxidize L-arabinose, arbutin, cellobiose, esculin, D- and L-fucose, D-fructose, galactose, D-glucose, glycerol, 10-methyl
alpha-D-glucopyranoside, galacturonic acid, beta-gentiobiose, myo-inositol, D-mannose, lactose, D-mannitol, N-acetylglucosamine,
salicin, maltose, melibiose sucrose, trehalose, raffinose, L-rhamnose, ribose, and D-xylose.
Negative results for gelatin hydrolysis, H2S production, indole production, lysine decarboxylase, methyl red test, oxidase, urease, acid
production from adonitol, D-sorbitol and 5-ketogluconate.
No fermentation/oxidation of dulcitol, inositol, melezitose, turanose, lactulose, putrescine, cis- or transaconitate, 4-aminobutyrate,
maltitol, palatinose, D-erythritol, D-arabinose, adonitol, methyl beta-D-xyloside, L-sorbose, dulcitol, sorbitol, methyl
alpha-D-glucoside, inulin, glycogen, xylitol, D-lyxose, D-tagatose, D-arabitol, L-arabitol, gluconate, 2-ketogluconate or 5-ketogluconate.
Variable fermentation/oxidation of cis-aconitate and palatinose and production of gas from glucose.
(c) Costin Stoica
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