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Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria), Class Gammaproteobacteria, Order Enterobacterales, Family Enterobacteriaceae,
Genus Citrobacter, Citrobacter cronae Oberhettinger et al. 2020.
Genus Citrobacter, Citrobacter cronae Oberhettinger et al. 2020.
Gram-negative rods.
Colonies on nutrient agar are generally 2-4 mm in diameter, smooth, low convex,
moist, translucent or opaque, and gray with a shiny surface and entire edge.
Facultatively anaerobic. Incubation temperature 37 °C.
moist, translucent or opaque, and gray with a shiny surface and entire edge.
Facultatively anaerobic. Incubation temperature 37 °C.
Isolated from rectal swabs and stools
Isolated from rectal swabs or stool samples of immunocompromised patients.
- J. G. Holt et al., 1994. Facultatively Anaerobic Gram-Negative Rods. Subgroup 1. Family Enterobacteriaceae. In: Begey’s Manual of
Determinative Bacteriology, 9th-edition, Williams & Wilkins, pp 175-189. - Don J. Brenner and J.J. Farmer III, 2001. Family I. Enterobacteriaceae. In: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Second
edition, Vol two, part B, George M. Garrity (Editor-in-Chief), pp 587-897. - Oberhettinger P, Schule L, Marschal M, Bezdan D, Ossowski S, Dorfel D, Vogel W, Rossen JW, Willmann M, Peter S. Description
of Citrobacter cronae sp. nov., isolated from human rectal swabs and stool samples. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:2998-3003. - Ribeiro TG, Clermont D, Branquinho R, Machado E, Peixe L, Brisse S. Citrobacter europaeus sp. nov., isolated from water and
human faecal samples. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:170-173. - Clermont D, Motreff L, Passet V, Fernandez JC, Bizet C, Brisse S. Multilocus sequence analysis of the genus Citrobacter and
description of Citrobacter pasteurii sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2015; 65:1486-1490. - Ribeiro TG, Goncalves BR, da Silva MS, Novais A, Machado E, Carrico JA, Peixe L. Citrobacter portucalensis sp. nov., isolated from
an aquatic sample. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:3513-3517. - Ribeiro TG, Izdebski R, Urbanowicz P, Carmeli Y, Gniadkowski M, Peixe L. Citrobacter telavivum sp. nov. with chromosomal mcr-9
from hospitalized patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 40:123-131.
Positive results for catalase (delayed), pyrrolidonylarylamidase, beta-galactosidase, acid production from: amygdalin, cellobiose,
D-mannitol, D-mannose, sorbitol and trehalose.
Negative results for alpha-glucosidase, phosphatase, lipase, lysine decarboxylase, tryptophan deaminase, gelatinase,
alpha-galactosidase, beta-N-acetyl-galactosaminidase, beta-xylosidase, beta-alanin-arylamidase, beta-glucoronidase, oxidase, acid
production from: inositol and melibiose.
Variable results for arginine dihydrolase, beta-glucosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, ornithine decarboxylase, tyrosin
arylamidase, fermentation of arabinose, D-adonitol, citrate, D-glucose, potassium 5-ketogluconate, maltose, malonate, L-rhamnose,
sucrose and D-tagatose.
D-mannitol, D-mannose, sorbitol and trehalose.
Negative results for alpha-glucosidase, phosphatase, lipase, lysine decarboxylase, tryptophan deaminase, gelatinase,
alpha-galactosidase, beta-N-acetyl-galactosaminidase, beta-xylosidase, beta-alanin-arylamidase, beta-glucoronidase, oxidase, acid
production from: inositol and melibiose.
Variable results for arginine dihydrolase, beta-glucosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, ornithine decarboxylase, tyrosin
arylamidase, fermentation of arabinose, D-adonitol, citrate, D-glucose, potassium 5-ketogluconate, maltose, malonate, L-rhamnose,
sucrose and D-tagatose.
(c) Costin Stoica
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Differential characters of the species:
Legend: + positive 90-100%, - negative 90-100%, [+] positive 75-89%, [-] negative 75-89%, d positive 25-74%, nd not determined.
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