| Achromobacter denitrificans |
Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Phylum Proteobacteria, Class Betaproteobacteria, Order Burkholderiales, Family Alcaligenaceae, Genus Achromobacter,
Achromobacter denitrificans (Ruger and Tan 1983) Coenye et al. 2003.
Note: Achromobacter xylosoxidans subsp. denitrificans (Ruger and Tan 1983) Yabuuchi et al. 1998 changed into Achromobacter
denitrificans (Rüger and Tan 1983) Coenye et al. 2003.
Old synonyms: Alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. denitrificans (ex Leifson and Hugh
1954) Ruger and Tan 1983, Alcaligenes xylosoxidans subsp. denitrificans (Ruger and
Tan 1983) Kiredjian et al. 1986, Alcaligenes denitrificans Leifson and Hugh 1954.
Achromobacter denitrificans (Ruger and Tan 1983) Coenye et al. 2003.
Note: Achromobacter xylosoxidans subsp. denitrificans (Ruger and Tan 1983) Yabuuchi et al. 1998 changed into Achromobacter
denitrificans (Rüger and Tan 1983) Coenye et al. 2003.
Old synonyms: Alcaligenes denitrificans subsp. denitrificans (ex Leifson and Hugh
1954) Ruger and Tan 1983, Alcaligenes xylosoxidans subsp. denitrificans (Ruger and
Tan 1983) Kiredjian et al. 1986, Alcaligenes denitrificans Leifson and Hugh 1954.
Gram-negative straight rods with rounded ends, 0.8-1.2 x 2.5-3.0 μm. Motile by means
of 1-20 peritrichous flagella. Nonsporeforming.
of 1-20 peritrichous flagella. Nonsporeforming.
Obligately aerobic and nonfermentative. Some strains are capable of anaerobic
respiration with nitrate as the electron acceptor. Nonhalophilic. Nonhemolytic. Can
grow on MacConkey agar and cetrimide agar. Able to grow at 41 ºC.
respiration with nitrate as the electron acceptor. Nonhalophilic. Nonhemolytic. Can
grow on MacConkey agar and cetrimide agar. Able to grow at 41 ºC.
Isolated from soil, and clinical specimens (feces, urine, blood, pleural fluid, purulent ear discharges, prostatic secretions, and throat
swabs).
swabs).
Undetermined.
- Hans-Jurgen Busse and Georg Auling: Genus II. Achromobacter Yabuuchi and Yano 1981, 477VP emend. Yabuuchi, Kawamura,
Kosako and Ezaki 1998a, 1083 in: Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 2, part C: The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and
Epsilonproteobacteria, George M. Garrity (Editor-in-Chief), 2005, 658-662. - Yabuuchi (E.), Kawamura (Y.), Kosako (Y.) and Ezaki (T.): Emendation of the genus Achromobacter and Achromobacter
xylosoxidans (Yabuuchi and Yano) and proposal of Achromobacter ruhlandii (Packer and Vishniac) comb. nov., Achromobacter
piechaudii (Kiredjian et al.) comb. nov., and Achromobacter xylosoxidans subsp. denitrificans (Rüger and Tan) comb. nov.
Microbiol. Immunol., 1998, 42, 429-438. - Vandamme, P. A., Peeters, C., Inganas, E., Cnockaert, M., Houf, K., Spilker, T., Moore, E. R. B. and Lipuma, J. J. 2016. Taxonomic
dissection of Achromobacter denitrificans Coenye et al. 2003 and proposal of Achromobacter agilis sp. nov., nom. rev.,
Achromobacter pestifer sp. nov., nom. rev., Achromobacter kerstersii sp. nov. and Achromobacter deleyi sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol.
Microbiol., 66, 3708-3717.
Positive results for catalase, nitrate reduction (most strains), oxidase and C-4 lipase. Acid is produced in from 3% ethanol within 48 h
and from glycerol after 72 h.
Can utilize: citrate, meso-tartrate, itaconate, mesaconate, adipate, pimelate, D-gluconate (most strain), sebacate, suberate, D- and
L-malate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, succinate, fumarate, D- and L-alpha-alanine,L-glutamate, DL-lactate, DL-beta-hydroxybutyrate,
L-proline, L-aspartate, glutarate, alpha-ketoglutarate, azelate, pyruvate, aconitate, L-threonine and L-phenylalanine.
Negative results for acid and alkaline phosphatase, arginine dihydrolase, DNase, beta-glucosidase, H2S production, lysine and
ornithine decarboxylase, esculin hydrolysis, gelatin hydrolysis, phenylalanine deaminase, starch hydrolysis, urease, acid production
from: D-glucose, D- and L-xylose.
No utilization of: L-arabinose, glucose, xylose, D-mannitol, maltose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, n-capric acid, sucrose, trehalose,
D-arabitol, 2- and 5-ketogluconate, esculin, D-lyxose, inulin, D-tagatose, melezitose, D- and L-fucose, arbutin, gentiobiose, turanose,
L-arabitol, adonitol, glycogen, melibiose, amygdalin, spermine, histamine, ethanolamine, benzylamine, pentylamine, butylamine,
betaine, creatine, sarcosine, p-hydroxybenzoate, quinate, D-ribose, meso-inositol, L-arginine, L-methionine, D-galactose, L-sorbose,
raffinose, dulcitol, L-rhamnose, cellobiose, lactose, salicin, meso-erythritol, sorbitol, oxalate, levulinate, o-hydroxybenzoate,
D-mandelate, phthalate, L-arginine, m-aminobenzoate and p-aminobenzoate.
Variable results for utilization of: D-fructose, D-arabinose, D-mannose, D- and L-tartrate, valerate, isovalerate, glycerol, beta-alanine,
isobutyrate, heptanoate, caproate, caprylate, pelargonate, maleate, glycine, benzoate, caprate, malonate, glycolate, DL-glycerate,
L-ornithine, citraconate, m-hydroxybenzoate, L-mandelate, phenylacetate, L-leucine, L-serine, L-isoleucine, L-valine, L-lysine,
L-citrulline, gamma-aminobutyrate, DL-norleucine, L-tryptophan, D-aminovalerate, L-histidine, L-tyrosine, L-cysteine, tryptamine,
DL-kynurenine and acetamide.
and from glycerol after 72 h.
Can utilize: citrate, meso-tartrate, itaconate, mesaconate, adipate, pimelate, D-gluconate (most strain), sebacate, suberate, D- and
L-malate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, succinate, fumarate, D- and L-alpha-alanine,L-glutamate, DL-lactate, DL-beta-hydroxybutyrate,
L-proline, L-aspartate, glutarate, alpha-ketoglutarate, azelate, pyruvate, aconitate, L-threonine and L-phenylalanine.
Negative results for acid and alkaline phosphatase, arginine dihydrolase, DNase, beta-glucosidase, H2S production, lysine and
ornithine decarboxylase, esculin hydrolysis, gelatin hydrolysis, phenylalanine deaminase, starch hydrolysis, urease, acid production
from: D-glucose, D- and L-xylose.
No utilization of: L-arabinose, glucose, xylose, D-mannitol, maltose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, n-capric acid, sucrose, trehalose,
D-arabitol, 2- and 5-ketogluconate, esculin, D-lyxose, inulin, D-tagatose, melezitose, D- and L-fucose, arbutin, gentiobiose, turanose,
L-arabitol, adonitol, glycogen, melibiose, amygdalin, spermine, histamine, ethanolamine, benzylamine, pentylamine, butylamine,
betaine, creatine, sarcosine, p-hydroxybenzoate, quinate, D-ribose, meso-inositol, L-arginine, L-methionine, D-galactose, L-sorbose,
raffinose, dulcitol, L-rhamnose, cellobiose, lactose, salicin, meso-erythritol, sorbitol, oxalate, levulinate, o-hydroxybenzoate,
D-mandelate, phthalate, L-arginine, m-aminobenzoate and p-aminobenzoate.
Variable results for utilization of: D-fructose, D-arabinose, D-mannose, D- and L-tartrate, valerate, isovalerate, glycerol, beta-alanine,
isobutyrate, heptanoate, caproate, caprylate, pelargonate, maleate, glycine, benzoate, caprate, malonate, glycolate, DL-glycerate,
L-ornithine, citraconate, m-hydroxybenzoate, L-mandelate, phenylacetate, L-leucine, L-serine, L-isoleucine, L-valine, L-lysine,
L-citrulline, gamma-aminobutyrate, DL-norleucine, L-tryptophan, D-aminovalerate, L-histidine, L-tyrosine, L-cysteine, tryptamine,
DL-kynurenine and acetamide.
(c) Costin Stoica
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