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Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Firmicutes => Bacilli => Lactobacillales => Staphylococcaceae => Gemella => Gemella sanguinis Collins et al. 1999.
Gram positive cocci that occur in pairs, in clusters or in short chains. Cells are
sometimes elongate.
sometimes elongate.
Small pinhead colonies on blood agar after 48 hours. Non-pigmented. Some strains
are hemolytic (on horse blood agar). Facultatively anaerobic, growth at 37.0 °C, no
growth at 10 or 45 °C. No growth in 6.5% NaCl broth.
Grow on media: Trypticase soy agar supplemented with blood , best on
Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with rabbit blood. Growth is enhanced by CO2
enriched atmosphere.
are hemolytic (on horse blood agar). Facultatively anaerobic, growth at 37.0 °C, no
growth at 10 or 45 °C. No growth in 6.5% NaCl broth.
Grow on media: Trypticase soy agar supplemented with blood , best on
Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with rabbit blood. Growth is enhanced by CO2
enriched atmosphere.
Isolated from human blood cultures, some of patients with subacute bacterial endocarditis.
Unknown. May be an opportunistic human pathogen.
- Collins M.D., Hutson R.A., Falsen E., Sjoden B. & Facklam R.R.: Description of Gemella sanguinis sp. nov., isolated from
human clinical specimens. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1998, 36, 3090-3093. - Martin Dworkin, Stanley Falkow, Eugene Rosenberg, Karl-Heinz Schleifer, Erko Stackebrandt (Editors).: The Prokaryotes 3rd
ed.: A Handbook on the Biology of Bacteria Volume 4: Bacteria: Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria. 2006
Acid is produced from glucose, maltose, mannitol, sorbitol & sucrose.
Acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, ester lipase C8, alanine-phenylalanine-
proline arylamidase (weak), pyrrolidonyl arylamidase (weak), pyrazinamidase &
esterase C-4 are produced.
Acetoin production is variable.
Acid is not produced from D-arabitol, L-arabinose, cyclodextrin, glycogen, lactose, inulin melibiose, melezitose,
methyl-b-D-glucopyranoside, ribose, raffinose, trehalose & D-xylose.
Hippurate, esculin or starch are not hydrolysed. Catalase and oxidase negative.
Arginine dihydrolase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, chymotrypsin, cystine arylamidase, alpha-fucosidase, alpha-galactosidase,
beta-galactosidase, beta-galacturonidase, beta-glucuronidase, glycyl-tryptophan arylamidase, leucine arylamidase, lipase C4,
beta-mannosidase, trypsin, valine arylamidase & urease are not produced. Nitrate is not reduced.
Acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, ester lipase C8, alanine-phenylalanine-
proline arylamidase (weak), pyrrolidonyl arylamidase (weak), pyrazinamidase &
esterase C-4 are produced.
Acetoin production is variable.
Acid is not produced from D-arabitol, L-arabinose, cyclodextrin, glycogen, lactose, inulin melibiose, melezitose,
methyl-b-D-glucopyranoside, ribose, raffinose, trehalose & D-xylose.
Hippurate, esculin or starch are not hydrolysed. Catalase and oxidase negative.
Arginine dihydrolase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, chymotrypsin, cystine arylamidase, alpha-fucosidase, alpha-galactosidase,
beta-galactosidase, beta-galacturonidase, beta-glucuronidase, glycyl-tryptophan arylamidase, leucine arylamidase, lipase C4,
beta-mannosidase, trypsin, valine arylamidase & urease are not produced. Nitrate is not reduced.
(c) Costin Stoica
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