Subsp. salivarius:
Acid produced from glucose, sucrose, maltose, raffinose, inulin, salicin and usually from trehalose & lactose.
Acid not produced from mannitol, glycerol, sorbitol, arabinose & xylose.
Voges-Proskauer reaction is usually positive.
Pyrrolidonearylamidase, alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase & arginine = negative.
Beta-glucuronidase & alkaline phosphatase = variable.
Acid produced from glucose, sucrose, maltose, raffinose, inulin, salicin and usually from trehalose & lactose.
Acid not produced from mannitol, glycerol, sorbitol, arabinose & xylose.
Voges-Proskauer reaction is usually positive.
Pyrrolidonearylamidase, alpha-galactosidase, beta-galactosidase & arginine = negative.
Beta-glucuronidase & alkaline phosphatase = variable.
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Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Firmicutes => Bacilli => Lactobacillales => Streptococcaceae => Streptococcus =>
=> Streptococcus salivarius subsp. salivarius Andrewes and Horder 1906.
=> Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus Farrow and Collins 1984. Old synonym: S. thermophilus Orla-Jensen 1919.
Lancefield group K or non-groupable.
=> Streptococcus salivarius subsp. salivarius Andrewes and Horder 1906.
=> Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus Farrow and Collins 1984. Old synonym: S. thermophilus Orla-Jensen 1919.
Lancefield group K or non-groupable.
Gram positive cocci, 0.8-1.0 μm in diameter, grouped from short to very long chains,
non-motile.
non-motile.
Most strains produce a weak alpha-reaction on blood agar (or gamma reaction for
subsp. salivarius). Small, non-pigmented, smooth or rough colonies.
Growth at 37 °C, S. salivarius can grow at 45 but not at 47 °C; many S. thermophilus
strains grow at 50 °C and can survive heating at 65 "C for 30 min. Facultatively
anaerobic.
Subsp. salivarius requires minimum nine aminoacids, five vitamins & uracil.
Subsp. thermophilus requires amino acids & six B-vitamins.
subsp. salivarius). Small, non-pigmented, smooth or rough colonies.
Growth at 37 °C, S. salivarius can grow at 45 but not at 47 °C; many S. thermophilus
strains grow at 50 °C and can survive heating at 65 "C for 30 min. Facultatively
anaerobic.
Subsp. salivarius requires minimum nine aminoacids, five vitamins & uracil.
Subsp. thermophilus requires amino acids & six B-vitamins.
Subsp. salivarius was found in human mouth (saliva) & feces. Subsp. thermophilus was isolated from milk and milk products (Swiss
cheese & yogurt).
cheese & yogurt).
None. Subsp. thermophilus is often used as starter culture for milk products.
- J. G.Holt et al., 1994.Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9-edition, Williams & Wilkins.
- Howey R.T., Lock C.M. & Moore L.V.H: Subspecies names automatically created by Rule 46. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1990, 40,
317-319. - Farrow J.A.E. & Collins M.D: DNA base composition, DNA-DNA homology and long-chain fatty acid studies on Streptococcus
thermophilus and Streptococcus salivarius. J. Gen. Microbiol., 1984, 130, 357-362.
Subsp. thermophilus:
Acid produced from fructose, glucose, lactose, mannose and sucrose.
Acid not produced from N-acetylglucosamine, adonitol, amygdalin, arabinose, cellobiose, dulcitol, erythritol, gluconate, glycerol,
glycogen, inulin, maltose, mannitol, methyl D-glucoside, methyl D-mannoside, methyl D-xyloside, rhamnose, salicin, sorbitol,
trehalose and xylose.
Beta-Galactosidase, Voges-Proskauer reaction & leucine arylamidase are positive.
Esculin, arginine, casein, gelatin, hippurate, urease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, alpha-galactosidase, cysteine
arylamidase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucosidase, alpha-fucosidase, pyrrolidonylarylamidase,
N-acetyl-/3-glucosaminidase & valine arylamidase are negative.
Starch hydrolysis, arbutin, galactose, melezitose, melibiose, raffinose & ribose are variable.
Acid produced from fructose, glucose, lactose, mannose and sucrose.
Acid not produced from N-acetylglucosamine, adonitol, amygdalin, arabinose, cellobiose, dulcitol, erythritol, gluconate, glycerol,
glycogen, inulin, maltose, mannitol, methyl D-glucoside, methyl D-mannoside, methyl D-xyloside, rhamnose, salicin, sorbitol,
trehalose and xylose.
Beta-Galactosidase, Voges-Proskauer reaction & leucine arylamidase are positive.
Esculin, arginine, casein, gelatin, hippurate, urease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, alpha-galactosidase, cysteine
arylamidase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucosidase, alpha-fucosidase, pyrrolidonylarylamidase,
N-acetyl-/3-glucosaminidase & valine arylamidase are negative.
Starch hydrolysis, arbutin, galactose, melezitose, melibiose, raffinose & ribose are variable.
(c) Costin Stoica
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