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Taxonomy
Morphology
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Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Firmicutes => Bacilli => Lactobacillales => Streptococcaceae => Streptococcus => Streptococcus gallolyticus Osawa et al. 1996
Synonyms: Streptococcus caprinus Brooker et al. 1996 is a later heterotypic synonym.
Divided in 3 subspecies:
Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus Osawa et al. 1996,
Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. macedonicus (Tsakalidou et al. 1998) Schlegel et al. 2003 (synonym: S. waius Flint et al. 1999)
Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus (Poyart et al. 2002) Schlegel et al. 2003.
Synonyms: Streptococcus caprinus Brooker et al. 1996 is a later heterotypic synonym.
Divided in 3 subspecies:
Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus Osawa et al. 1996,
Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. macedonicus (Tsakalidou et al. 1998) Schlegel et al. 2003 (synonym: S. waius Flint et al. 1999)
Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus (Poyart et al. 2002) Schlegel et al. 2003.
Gram positive cocci, non-motile, grouped in pairs or chains.
Small, non-pigmented colonies. Growth at 37 °C. Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic.
Growth on complex media: Trypticase soy agar with 5% sheep blood, Edwards agar,
Slanetz & Bartley agar, Brain heart infusion medium, Columbia Agar base enriched
with starch 1.5%.
Growth on complex media: Trypticase soy agar with 5% sheep blood, Edwards agar,
Slanetz & Bartley agar, Brain heart infusion medium, Columbia Agar base enriched
with starch 1.5%.
Isolated from animal feces (ruminants, horses, dogs, birds, koalas, kangaroos), aliments (milk, cheese), human clinical samples.
Involved in tannin digestion in ruminants (subsp. gallolyticus).
Opportunistic pathogen. May produce mammites in bovines, septicemia in birds (pigeons, ducks).
Endocarditis in humans.
Opportunistic pathogen. May produce mammites in bovines, septicemia in birds (pigeons, ducks).
Endocarditis in humans.
- Osawa R., Fujisawa T. & Sly L.L.: Streptococcus gallolyticus sp. nov.; gallate degrading organisms formerly assigned to
Streptococcus bovis. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 1995, 18, 74-78. - Sly L.I., CahillL M.M., Osawa R. & Fujisawa T.: The tannin-degrading species Streptococcus gallolyticus and Streptococcus
caprinus are subjective synonyms. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1997, 47, 893-894. - Schlegel L., Grimont F., Ageron E., Grimont P.A.D. & Bouvet A.: Reappraisal of the taxonomy of the Streptococcus
bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex and related species: description of Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus subsp.
nov., S. gallolyticus subsp. macedonicus subsp. nov. and S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus subsp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol.
Microbiol., 2003, 53, 631-645. - Luc A. Devriese,Peter Vandamme, Bruno Pot, Mia Vanrobaeys, Karel Kersters, & Freddy Haesebrouck: Differentiation between
Streptococcus gallolyticus Strains of Human Clinical and Veterinary Origins and Streptococcus bovis Strains from the Intestinal
Tracts of Ruminants. J Clin Microbiol. 1998 December; 36(12): 3520–3523.
Subsp. gallolyticus can hydrolyse tannins (gallate decarboxylase producer).
Beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, Voges-Proskauer, hydrolysis of esculin &
starch, acidification of lactose, trehalose, inulin & mannitol are positive
Pyrrolidonearylamidase, hydrolysis of hippurate, alkaline phosphatase, arginine, beta-
glucuronidase, xylitol, D- & L-xylose are negative
Differences from subsp. gallolyticus:
Subsp. macedonicus is esculin & inulin negative.
Subsp. pasteurianus is beta-glucuronidase & beta-galactosidase positive,
Beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, Voges-Proskauer, hydrolysis of esculin &
starch, acidification of lactose, trehalose, inulin & mannitol are positive
Pyrrolidonearylamidase, hydrolysis of hippurate, alkaline phosphatase, arginine, beta-
glucuronidase, xylitol, D- & L-xylose are negative
Differences from subsp. gallolyticus:
Subsp. macedonicus is esculin & inulin negative.
Subsp. pasteurianus is beta-glucuronidase & beta-galactosidase positive,
(c) Costin Stoica
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