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Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Firmicutes => Bacilli => Lactobacillales => Enterococcaceae => Enterococcus => Enterococcus avium (ex Nowlan and Deibel 1967)
Collins et al. 1984.
Lancefield group D and Q.
Historical synonym: Streptococcus avium Nowlan and Deibel 1967.
Collins et al. 1984.
Lancefield group D and Q.
Historical synonym: Streptococcus avium Nowlan and Deibel 1967.
Gram positive, ovoid cells elongated in the direction of the chain, mostly in pairs or
short chains. Non-motile.
short chains. Non-motile.
Colonies on blood agar or nutrient agar are circular, smooth, and entire,
non-pigmented. Most strains produce an alpha-reaction on blood agar. Folinic acid
(or folic acid plus
thymine) is required for growth. Does not grow in the presence of 0.04% tellurite or
in 0.1% methylene blue milk.
Grow well at 45 °C and survive heating at 60 °C for 30 min. Can grow at 10 °C
non-pigmented. Most strains produce an alpha-reaction on blood agar. Folinic acid
(or folic acid plus
thymine) is required for growth. Does not grow in the presence of 0.04% tellurite or
in 0.1% methylene blue milk.
Grow well at 45 °C and survive heating at 60 °C for 30 min. Can grow at 10 °C
Isolated from human and veterinary clinical materials (birds), from food and the environment. Resistant to vancomycin.
Very rarely human pathogen (one catheter-associated cystitis, one polymicrobial infected pancreatic pseudocyst, one brain abscess).
- Collins, M. D., Jones, D., Farrow, J. A. E., Kilpper-Balz, R., Schleifer, K. H. Enterococcus avium nom. rev., comb. nov.; E.
casseliflavus nom. rev., comb. nov.; E. durans nom. rev., comb. nov.; E. gallinarum comb. nov.; and E. malodoratus sp. nov. Int J
Syst Bacteriol 1984 34: 220-223. - Pavel Švec and Luc A. Devriese, 2009: Genus I. Enterococcus (ex Thiercelin and Jouhaud 1903) Schleifer and Kilpper-Bälz 1984,
32VP in Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Second Edition, Volume Three, Vos, P.D.; Garrity, G.; Jones, D.; Krieg, N.R.;
Ludwig, W.; Rainey, F.A.; Schleifer, K.-H.; Whitman, W.B. (Eds.), pp 594-606. - Lee, Prescott P. MD; Ferguson, Donald A. Jr; Laffan, John J. Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus avium Infections: Report of 2
Cases and a Review of Enterococcus avium Infections. Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice: July 2004 - Volume 12 - Issue 4 -
pp 239-244.
Positive results for H2S production, esculin hydrolysis, acid production from: adonitol, L-
arabinose, D- arabitol, L-arabitol, dulcitol, glycerol, 2-keto-gluconate, D-lyxose, mannitol,
melezitose, alpha-methyl-D-glucoside, rhamnose, sorbitol, L-sorbose, sucrose, D-tagatose, trehalose, D-turanose & xylitol.
Negative results for arginine dihydrolase, alpha-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, starch hydrolysis, Voges–Proskauer test, nitrate
reduction, acid production from, inulin, raffinose, xylose & starch.
Variable results for hippurate hydrolysis, beta-galactosidase, acid production from alpha-methyl-D-mannoside, gluconate & 5-Keto-
gluconate.
arabinose, D- arabitol, L-arabitol, dulcitol, glycerol, 2-keto-gluconate, D-lyxose, mannitol,
melezitose, alpha-methyl-D-glucoside, rhamnose, sorbitol, L-sorbose, sucrose, D-tagatose, trehalose, D-turanose & xylitol.
Negative results for arginine dihydrolase, alpha-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, starch hydrolysis, Voges–Proskauer test, nitrate
reduction, acid production from, inulin, raffinose, xylose & starch.
Variable results for hippurate hydrolysis, beta-galactosidase, acid production from alpha-methyl-D-mannoside, gluconate & 5-Keto-
gluconate.
(c) Costin Stoica
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