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Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Firmicutes => Bacilli => Bacillales => Staphylococcaceae => Staphylococcus =>
Staphylococcus hominis subsp. hominis Kloos and Schleifer 1975,
Staphylococcus hominis subsp. novobiosepticus Kloos et al. 1998.
Staphylococcus hominis subsp. hominis Kloos and Schleifer 1975,
Staphylococcus hominis subsp. novobiosepticus Kloos et al. 1998.
Gram positive cocci, 1-1.5 μm in diameter, non-motile, non-sporing, occuring singly,
or forming tetrads & pairs.
or forming tetrads & pairs.
Colonies are smooth, opaque, raised to umbonate, and butyrous, with entire
margins, grayish-white or cream to yellow-orange. Facultative anaerobe, but growth is
much better under aerobic conditions and very poor anaerobically. Non-hemolytic on
sheep or bovine blood agar. Temperature range for growth 20–45 °C; optimum 30–40
°C. Grow on Trypticase Soy Agar ± 5% sheep blood, P agar.
margins, grayish-white or cream to yellow-orange. Facultative anaerobe, but growth is
much better under aerobic conditions and very poor anaerobically. Non-hemolytic on
sheep or bovine blood agar. Temperature range for growth 20–45 °C; optimum 30–40
°C. Grow on Trypticase Soy Agar ± 5% sheep blood, P agar.
Isolated from human & animal skin and clinical specimens (blood cultures, wounds).
Commensal of the skin. May produce nosocomial infections in neonates and catetherized patients.
- Holt J.G., Krieg N.R., Sneath P.H.A., Staley J.T., Wiliams S.T., 1994. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, Ninth
Edition, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. Group 17, Gram-Positive Cocci, 527-558. - Kloos W.E. & Schleifer K.H.: Isolation and characterization of staphylococci from human skin. II. Description of four new
species: Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus hominis, and Staphylococcus simulans.
International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 1975, 25, 62-79. - Kloos W.E., George C.G., Olgiate J.S., Van Pelt L., McKinnon M.L., Zimmer B.L., Muller E., Weinstein M.P. & Mirrett S.:
Staphylococcus hominis subsp. novobiosepticus subsp. nov., a novel trehalose- and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-negative,
novobiocin- and multiple-antibiotic-resistant subspecies isolated from human blood cultures. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1998, 48,
799-812. - Karl-Heinz Schleifer and Julia A. Bell, 2009. Family VIII. Staphylococcaceae fam. nov.. In: (Eds.) P.D. Vos, G. Garrity, D. Jones,
N.R. Krieg, W. Ludwig, F.A. Rainey, K.-H. Schleifer, W.B. Whitman. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 3: The
Firmicutes, Springer, 392-426.
S. hominis subsp. novobiosepticus can be distinguished mainly from S. hominis subsp. hominis by its novobiocin resistance, lack of
arginine dihydrolase activity and failure to produce acid aerobically from D- trehalose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
Positive results for catalase, lipase, urease, acid production from beta-D-fructose, D-glucose, glycerol, maltose & sucrose.
Negative results for oxidase, alkaline phosphatase, caseinase, coagulase, DN-ase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, beta-
glucuronidase, gelatinase, ornithine decarboxylase, staphylocoagulase, acid production from: L-arabinose, D-cellobiose, D-
mannose, D-raffinose, salicin, D-sorbitol & D-xylose.
Variable results for arginine dihydrolase (negative for subsp. novobiosepticus), acid production from: N-acetylglucosamine (negative
for subsp. novobiosepticus), galactose, alpha-lactose, D-mannitol, D-melezitose, D-trehalose (negative for subsp. novobiosepticus)
& turanose.
arginine dihydrolase activity and failure to produce acid aerobically from D- trehalose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
Positive results for catalase, lipase, urease, acid production from beta-D-fructose, D-glucose, glycerol, maltose & sucrose.
Negative results for oxidase, alkaline phosphatase, caseinase, coagulase, DN-ase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, beta-
glucuronidase, gelatinase, ornithine decarboxylase, staphylocoagulase, acid production from: L-arabinose, D-cellobiose, D-
mannose, D-raffinose, salicin, D-sorbitol & D-xylose.
Variable results for arginine dihydrolase (negative for subsp. novobiosepticus), acid production from: N-acetylglucosamine (negative
for subsp. novobiosepticus), galactose, alpha-lactose, D-mannitol, D-melezitose, D-trehalose (negative for subsp. novobiosepticus)
& turanose.
(c) Costin Stoica
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