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Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Firmicutes => Bacilli => Bacillales => Staphylococcaceae => Staphylococcus => Staphylococcus epidermidis Evans 1916
(Albococcus epidermidis Winslow and Winslow 1908; Micrococcus epidermidis Hucker 1924).
(Albococcus epidermidis Winslow and Winslow 1908; Micrococcus epidermidis Hucker 1924).
Gram positive cocci, 0.5 – 1.5 μm, non-motile, non-sporing. Occur in pairs and tetrads.
Small, white or yellow (usually non-pigmented - gray or grayish white), approximately
2.5-4 mm in diameter, S-type colonies. Growth in broth is first turbid, later becoming
clear with a fine or slightly mucoid deposit. Facultatively anaerobic, optimal
temperature 26 - 37ºC (growth range 15 – 45 °C). Grow on media: Trypticase Soy
Agar ± 5% sheep blood, Chapman (selective medium with 75 g/l NaCl & mannitol),
Mueller-Hinton agar.
2.5-4 mm in diameter, S-type colonies. Growth in broth is first turbid, later becoming
clear with a fine or slightly mucoid deposit. Facultatively anaerobic, optimal
temperature 26 - 37ºC (growth range 15 – 45 °C). Grow on media: Trypticase Soy
Agar ± 5% sheep blood, Chapman (selective medium with 75 g/l NaCl & mannitol),
Mueller-Hinton agar.
Isolated from human and animal skin and mucous membranes. Found in fermenting cigar tobacco leafs. Susceptible to Novobiocin.
Usually non-pathogenic, may be an important cause of infection in humans whit compromised immunity, also nosocomial pathogen
associated with infections of implanted medical devices. Produces a slime resulting in biofilm formation on the surface of a
prosthetic device (catheter). Bacteremia, endophtalmitis and endocarditis.
Subclinical mastitis in goats.
Bacteria is a pig pathogen causing contagious impetigo in swine.
Produces the antibiotic ‘Epidermin’.
associated with infections of implanted medical devices. Produces a slime resulting in biofilm formation on the surface of a
prosthetic device (catheter). Bacteremia, endophtalmitis and endocarditis.
Subclinical mastitis in goats.
Bacteria is a pig pathogen causing contagious impetigo in swine.
Produces the antibiotic ‘Epidermin’.
- Holt J.G., Krieg N.R., Sneath P.H.A., Staley J.T., Wiliams S.T., 1994. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, Ninth
Edition, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. Group 17, Gram-Positive Cocci, 527-558. - Winslow C.E.A. & Winslow A.R.: The systematic relationships of the Coccaceae. John Wiley and Sons (eds.), New York, 1908,
pp. 1-300. - Evans A.C.: The bacteria of milk freshly drawn from normal udders. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1916, 18, 437-476.
- Jerome J. Perry: Isolation of Staphylococcus epidermidis from Tobacco. Applied Microbiology, Apr. 1969, p. 647.
- P. Moroni, G. Pisoni, M. Antonini, G. Ruffo, S. Carli, G. Varisco and P. Boettcher: Subclinical Mastitis and Antimicrobial
Susceptibility of Staphylococcus caprae and Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolated from Two Italian Goat Herds. J. Dairy Sci. 88:
1694-1704. - Karl-Heinz Schleifer and Julia A. Bell, 2009. Family VIII. Staphylococcaceae fam. nov.. In: (Eds.) P.D. Vos, G. Garrity, D. Jones,
N.R. Krieg, W. Ludwig, F.A. Rainey, K.-H. Schleifer, W.B. Whitman. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 3: The
Firmicutes, Springer, 392-426.
Positive results for nitrate reduction, alkaline phosphatase, arginine dihydrolase,
urease, acetoin production, catalase, acid production from: mannose & sucrose.
Negative results for starch hydrolysis, oxidase, growth on (NH4)2SO4, coagulase-rabbit
plasma, clumping factor, ornithine decarboxylase, deoxyribonuclease agar, heat-stable
nuclease, beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, acid production from: erythritol, erythrose, gentiobiose, inositol, lyxose, sorbose,
tagatose, trehalose, mannitol, xylitol, raffinose, arabinose, cellobiose, fucose & salicin.
Variable results for hyaluronidase, beta-glucosidase, acid production from: lactose, galactose, melezitose, turanose & ribose.
urease, acetoin production, catalase, acid production from: mannose & sucrose.
Negative results for starch hydrolysis, oxidase, growth on (NH4)2SO4, coagulase-rabbit
plasma, clumping factor, ornithine decarboxylase, deoxyribonuclease agar, heat-stable
nuclease, beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, acid production from: erythritol, erythrose, gentiobiose, inositol, lyxose, sorbose,
tagatose, trehalose, mannitol, xylitol, raffinose, arabinose, cellobiose, fucose & salicin.
Variable results for hyaluronidase, beta-glucosidase, acid production from: lactose, galactose, melezitose, turanose & ribose.
(c) Costin Stoica
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