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Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Firmicutes => Bacilli => Bacillales => Staphylococcaceae => Staphylococcus => Staphylococcus chromogenes Hájek et al. 1987.
Old synonym: Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. chromogenes Devriese et al. 1978.
Old synonym: Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. chromogenes Devriese et al. 1978.
Gram positive cocci, 0,8 - 1 μm, non-motile, non-sporing. Occur singly, in pairs,
tetrads or clusters.
tetrads or clusters.
Colonies are non-haemolytic, yellow / orange pigmented, glistening, butyrous, with
entire margins, 4–7 mm diameter. Some strains isolated mainly from swine may not
be pigmented.Facultatively anaerobic, 37ºC. Grow on media: P agar, Trypticase Soy
Agar ± 5% sheep blood, Chapman (selective medium with 75 g/l NaCl & mannitol),
Mueller-Hinton agar. Growth in medium containing 10% NaCl, but no growth or only
weak growth at 15% NaCl.
entire margins, 4–7 mm diameter. Some strains isolated mainly from swine may not
be pigmented.Facultatively anaerobic, 37ºC. Grow on media: P agar, Trypticase Soy
Agar ± 5% sheep blood, Chapman (selective medium with 75 g/l NaCl & mannitol),
Mueller-Hinton agar. Growth in medium containing 10% NaCl, but no growth or only
weak growth at 15% NaCl.
Isolated from swine, cattle & birds skin, from ruminants’ milk, rarely from humans. Susceptible to Novobiocin.
Low pathogenicity - dermatitis / superficial lesions & subclinical mastitis. Together with other staphylococci may be involved in
‘Chronic Fatigue Syndrome’ in humans (also, experiments in dogs show same clinical aspect).
‘Chronic Fatigue Syndrome’ in humans (also, experiments in dogs show same clinical aspect).
- Holt J.G., Krieg N.R., Sneath P.H.A., Staley J.T., Wiliams S.T., 1994. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, Ninth
Edition, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. Group 17, Gram-Positive Cocci, 527-558. - Hajek V., Devriese L.A., Mordarski M., Goodfellow M., Pulverer G. & Varaldo P.E.: Elevation of Staphylococcus hyicus subsp.
chromogenes (Devriese et al. 1978) to species status: Staphylococcus chromogenes (Devriese et al. 1978) comb. nov. Syst.
Appl. Microbiol., 1986, 8, 169-173. - Karl-Heinz Schleifer and Julia A. Bell, 2009. Family VIII. Staphylococcaceae fam. nov.. In: (Eds.) P.D. Vos, G. Garrity, D. Jones,
N.R. Krieg, W. Ludwig, F.A. Rainey, K.-H. Schleifer, W.B. Whitman. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 3: The
Firmicutes, Springer, 392-426.
Positive results for nitrate reduction, alkaline phosphatase, arginine dihydrolase,
deoxyribonuclease, catalase, acid production from: mannose, lactose, trehalose,
galactose, glucose, glycerol, ribose & fructose.
Negative results for oxidase, acetoin production, hyaluronidase, coagulase-rabbit plasma, clumping factor, fibrinolysin, heat-stable
nuclease, beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, H2S production, indole production, Tween 80 hydrolysis, acid production from:
xylitol, raffinose, xylose, arabinose, cellobiose, fucose, salicin tagatose & melezitose.
Variable results for urease, beta-glucosidase, acid production from mannitol & turanose.
deoxyribonuclease, catalase, acid production from: mannose, lactose, trehalose,
galactose, glucose, glycerol, ribose & fructose.
Negative results for oxidase, acetoin production, hyaluronidase, coagulase-rabbit plasma, clumping factor, fibrinolysin, heat-stable
nuclease, beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, H2S production, indole production, Tween 80 hydrolysis, acid production from:
xylitol, raffinose, xylose, arabinose, cellobiose, fucose, salicin tagatose & melezitose.
Variable results for urease, beta-glucosidase, acid production from mannitol & turanose.
(c) Costin Stoica
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