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Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Bacteria => Proteobacteria => Gammaproteobacteria => Pseudomonadales => Pseudomonadaceae => Pseudomonas =>
Pseudomonas facilis Davis 1969 (Hydrogenomonas facilis Schatz and Bovell 1952)
Moved to Bacteria => Proteobacteria => Betaproteobacteria => Burkholderiales => Comamonadaceae => Acidovorax => Acidovorax
facilis Willems et al. 1990
Pseudomonas facilis Davis 1969 (Hydrogenomonas facilis Schatz and Bovell 1952)
Moved to Bacteria => Proteobacteria => Betaproteobacteria => Burkholderiales => Comamonadaceae => Acidovorax => Acidovorax
facilis Willems et al. 1990
Gram negative, 0.2-0.3 x 1.2-2.8 μm, motile by one or two polar flagella, rods.
No diffusible or cellular pigments produced.
No diffusible or cellular pigments produced.
Strictly aerobic, optimal temperature 28 ºC. No growth at 41 ºC. Organic growth factors
not required. Autotrophic growth occurs in atmosphere containing H2, O2 & CO2. Can
use many organic compounds as sole carbon source for heterotrophic growth.
not required. Autotrophic growth occurs in atmosphere containing H2, O2 & CO2. Can
use many organic compounds as sole carbon source for heterotrophic growth.
- Nutritive agar
- Trypticase Soy Agar
- Christensen (urease negative)
- Heterotrophic medium for Hydrogenomonas (KH2PO4 0.2 g, MgSO4 0.1 g,
Sodium citrate x 2H2O 0.5 g, Sodium acetate x 3H2O 0.3 g, Sodium succinate
x 6H2O .2.0 g, Sodium glutamate 1.0 g, Agar 15.0 g, Tryptose 5.0 g, Yeast
extract 1.0 g, Corn starch 2.0 g, Distilled water.1.0 L)
Isolated from soil by enrichments in mineral media and atmosphere with H2, O2 & CO2.
Unknown (none).
- Schatz A. & Bovell C.R.: Growth and hydrogenase activity of a new bacterium, Hydrogenomonas facilis. Journal of
Bacteriology, 1952, 63, 87-98. - Davis D.H., Doudoroff M., Stanier R.Y. & Mandel M.: Proposal to reject the genus Hydrogenomonas: taxonomic implications.
International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 1969, 19, 375-390. - Willems A., Falsen E., Pot B., Jantzen E., Hoste B., Vandamme P., Gillis M., Kersters K. & De Ley J.: Acidovorax, a new genus
for Pseudomonas facilis, Pseudomonas delafieldii, E. Falsen (EF) group 13, EF group 16, and several clinical isolates, with
the species Acidovorax facilis comb. nov., Acidovorax delafieldii comb. nov., and Acidovorax temperans sp. nov. Int. J. Syst.
Bacteriol., 1990, 40, 384-398. - Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed., 1994.
Oxidase & gelatin hydrolysis positive.
D-ribose, L-arabinose, malonate, mannitol, beta-alanine, L-serine, L-leucine can be used as sole carbon source. Growth on
D-glucose, glycerol, butyrate, succinate, suberate, azelate, sebacate, D-malate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, L-proline & L-glutamate is positive.
Trehalose, cellobiose, citrate, mesaconate, ethanol, para-hydroxybenzoate, L-tryptophan, nicotinate are not utilized. Hydrolysis of
Tween 80 negative. Denitrification does not occur.
Acid production in 10% lactose, in TSI medium, and in oxidative-fermentative medium containing D-glucose, D-fructose, D-xylose,
maltose, or adonitol; production of H2S in TSI; hydrolysis of esculin, lysine and ornithine decarboxylases; arginine dihydrolase;
beta-galactosidase; fluorescein production; growth on cetrimide; indole production; growth on erythritol, D-arabinose, D-xylose,
L-xylose, L-sorbose, L-rhamnose, adonitol, dulcitol, inositol, xylitol, L-arabitol, methyl-D-xyloside, methyl-D-mannoside,
methyl-D-glucoside, N-acetylglucosamine, D-cellobiose, maltose, lactose, D-melibiose, sucrose, trehalose, beta-gentiobiose,
D-rnelezitose, D-raffinose, D-turanose, D-lyxose, D-tagatose, L-fucose, amygdalin, esculin, salicin, arbutin, inulin, starch, glycogen,
5-ketogluconate, glycolate, caprylate, pelargonate, caprate, oxalate, malonate, L-tartrate, itaconate, mesaconate, phenylacetate,
benzoate, ohydroxybenzoate, D-mandelate, L-mandelate, isophthalate, terephthalate, glycine, L-cysteine, D-tryptophan, L-lysine,
L-arginine, trigonelline, DL-kynurenine, betaine, creatine, ethylamine, butylamine, amylamine, ethanolamine, benzylamine,
diaminobutane, urea, acetamide, sarcosine, spermine, histamine, tryptamine, and glucosamine are negative.
D-ribose, L-arabinose, malonate, mannitol, beta-alanine, L-serine, L-leucine can be used as sole carbon source. Growth on
D-glucose, glycerol, butyrate, succinate, suberate, azelate, sebacate, D-malate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, L-proline & L-glutamate is positive.
Trehalose, cellobiose, citrate, mesaconate, ethanol, para-hydroxybenzoate, L-tryptophan, nicotinate are not utilized. Hydrolysis of
Tween 80 negative. Denitrification does not occur.
Acid production in 10% lactose, in TSI medium, and in oxidative-fermentative medium containing D-glucose, D-fructose, D-xylose,
maltose, or adonitol; production of H2S in TSI; hydrolysis of esculin, lysine and ornithine decarboxylases; arginine dihydrolase;
beta-galactosidase; fluorescein production; growth on cetrimide; indole production; growth on erythritol, D-arabinose, D-xylose,
L-xylose, L-sorbose, L-rhamnose, adonitol, dulcitol, inositol, xylitol, L-arabitol, methyl-D-xyloside, methyl-D-mannoside,
methyl-D-glucoside, N-acetylglucosamine, D-cellobiose, maltose, lactose, D-melibiose, sucrose, trehalose, beta-gentiobiose,
D-rnelezitose, D-raffinose, D-turanose, D-lyxose, D-tagatose, L-fucose, amygdalin, esculin, salicin, arbutin, inulin, starch, glycogen,
5-ketogluconate, glycolate, caprylate, pelargonate, caprate, oxalate, malonate, L-tartrate, itaconate, mesaconate, phenylacetate,
benzoate, ohydroxybenzoate, D-mandelate, L-mandelate, isophthalate, terephthalate, glycine, L-cysteine, D-tryptophan, L-lysine,
L-arginine, trigonelline, DL-kynurenine, betaine, creatine, ethylamine, butylamine, amylamine, ethanolamine, benzylamine,
diaminobutane, urea, acetamide, sarcosine, spermine, histamine, tryptamine, and glucosamine are negative.
(c) Costin Stoica
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