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Urease, beta-galactosidase, indole production, starch and aesculin hydrolysis are negative. Utilization of L-xylose, sorbose,
amygdalin, arbutin, salicin, melibiose, melezitose, starch, glycogen, gentiobiose, turanose, lyxose, tagatose, L-fucose, L-arabitol,
xylitol, dulcitol, methyl alpha-D-glucoside, methyl alpha-D-mannoside and methyl beta-D-xyloside is negative.
Differences among the subspecies of P. chlororaphis:
amygdalin, arbutin, salicin, melibiose, melezitose, starch, glycogen, gentiobiose, turanose, lyxose, tagatose, L-fucose, L-arabitol,
xylitol, dulcitol, methyl alpha-D-glucoside, methyl alpha-D-mannoside and methyl beta-D-xyloside is negative.
Differences among the subspecies of P. chlororaphis:
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Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Bacteria => Proteobacteria => Gammaproteobacteria => Pseudomonadales => Pseudomonadaceae => Pseudomonas =>
Pseudomonas chlororaphis Bergey et al. 1930 (synonyms : Bacillus chlororaphis Guignard and Sauvageau 1894; Pseudomonas
aureofaciens Kluyver 1956; Pseudomonas aurantiaca Nakhimovskaya 1948).
Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca (Nakhimovskaya 1948) Peix et al. 2007
Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens (Kluyver 1956) Peix et al. 2007
Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. chlororaphis (Guignard and Sauvageau 1894) Bergey et al. 1930
Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. piscium Burr et al. 2010
Pseudomonas chlororaphis Bergey et al. 1930 (synonyms : Bacillus chlororaphis Guignard and Sauvageau 1894; Pseudomonas
aureofaciens Kluyver 1956; Pseudomonas aurantiaca Nakhimovskaya 1948).
Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca (Nakhimovskaya 1948) Peix et al. 2007
Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens (Kluyver 1956) Peix et al. 2007
Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. chlororaphis (Guignard and Sauvageau 1894) Bergey et al. 1930
Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. piscium Burr et al. 2010
Gram negative rods, 0.7-0.8 x 1.5-3.6 μm, motile with polar multitrichous flagella.
Obligately aerobic (except in media containing nitrate), optimal growth temperature
30-35 °C, grow at 4 °C. Can grow on: Trypticase Soy Agar, Nutrient agar,
Mueller-Hinton agar
30-35 °C, grow at 4 °C. Can grow on: Trypticase Soy Agar, Nutrient agar,
Mueller-Hinton agar
Isolated from water & soil.
Unknown (none). May induce to plants an increased systemic resistance against other bacteria (wildfire pathogens like Erwinia spp.
& P. syringae). Metabolites with antibiotic activity against grampositive bacteria were isolated from the culture fluid of subsp.
aurantiaca.
& P. syringae). Metabolites with antibiotic activity against grampositive bacteria were isolated from the culture fluid of subsp.
aurantiaca.
- Peix A., Valverde A., Rivas R., Igual J.M., Ramirez-Bahena M.H., Mateos P.F., Santa-Regina I., Rodriguez-Barrueco C.,
Martninez-Molina E. & Velazquez E.: Reclassification of Pseudomonas aurantiaca as a synonym of Pseudomonas
chlororaphis and proposal of three subspecies, P. chlororaphis subsp. chlororaphis subsp. nov., P. chlororaphis subsp.
aureofaciens subsp. nov., comb. nov. and P. chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca subsp. nov., comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol.
Microbiol., 2007, 57, 1286-1290. - Young Cheol Kim, Ju Yeon Park, Song Hee Han, Kil Yong Kim, Sun Woo Lee & In Seon Kim: Identification of an ISR-Related
Metabolite Produced by Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 A gainst the Wildfire Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv.tabaci in
Tobacco J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
Produce diffusible fluorescent pigment (mostly in iron-deficient media) and an
insoluble phenazine pigment diffusible in medium (green by subsp. chlororaphis;
yellow-orange by subsp. aureofaciens & aurantiaca) . Can produce a polyurethane
degrading enzyme.
Arginine dihydrolase & oxidase are positive. N-acetylglucosamine, glucose,
trehalose, raffinose and D-arabitol are used as carbon sources.
Nitrate reduction & lecithinase production are variable. Assimilation of L-arabinose,
phenylacetate and 5-ketogluconate is variable.
insoluble phenazine pigment diffusible in medium (green by subsp. chlororaphis;
yellow-orange by subsp. aureofaciens & aurantiaca) . Can produce a polyurethane
degrading enzyme.
Arginine dihydrolase & oxidase are positive. N-acetylglucosamine, glucose,
trehalose, raffinose and D-arabitol are used as carbon sources.
Nitrate reduction & lecithinase production are variable. Assimilation of L-arabinose,
phenylacetate and 5-ketogluconate is variable.
(c) Costin Stoica
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