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Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Bacteria => Proteobacteria => Gammaproteobacteria => Pseudomonadales => Pseudomonadaceae => Pseudomonas =>
Pseudomonas aeruginosa - type species of the genus, (Schroeter 1872) Migula 1900.
Synonyms: "Bacterium aeruginosum" Schroeter 1872, "Bacterium aeruginosum"
Cohn 1872, "Micrococcus pyocyaneus" Zopf 1884, "Bacillus aeruginosus" Trevisan
1885, "Bacillus pyocyaneus" Flügge 1886, "Pseudomonas pyocyanea" Migula 1895,
"Bacterium pyocyaneum" Lehmann and Neumann 1896, "Pseudomonas polycolor"
Clara 1930.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa - type species of the genus, (Schroeter 1872) Migula 1900.
Synonyms: "Bacterium aeruginosum" Schroeter 1872, "Bacterium aeruginosum"
Cohn 1872, "Micrococcus pyocyaneus" Zopf 1884, "Bacillus aeruginosus" Trevisan
1885, "Bacillus pyocyaneus" Flügge 1886, "Pseudomonas pyocyanea" Migula 1895,
"Bacterium pyocyaneum" Lehmann and Neumann 1896, "Pseudomonas polycolor"
Clara 1930.
Gram negative, 0.5-0.8 x 1.5-3 μm rods, motile by polar monotrichous flagellum
(exceptions may occur). Colonies hve the tendency to swarm. Produce diffusible
fluorescent pigments (pyoverdin) and a soluble phenasine pigment “pyocyanin” (blue
to red). May be haemolytic on blood agar. Presents phase variation. 3 colony types
may be formed:
(exceptions may occur). Colonies hve the tendency to swarm. Produce diffusible
fluorescent pigments (pyoverdin) and a soluble phenasine pigment “pyocyanin” (blue
to red). May be haemolytic on blood agar. Presents phase variation. 3 colony types
may be formed:
- small, rough colony; the surface is wrinkled with irregular or radiant crests.
- large, smooth, with flat edges and an elevated appearance (fried egg
appearance); - mucoid appearance, convex, entire edges, smooth shining surface.
Strictly aerobic except with media with nitrate, optimal temperature 30 - 37 ºC, can grow
up to 44 ºC. No growth at 4 ºC. Media: Trypticase Soy Agar ± 5% sheep blood,
Trypticase Soy Broth, Mueller-Hinton agar, Mac Conkey agar, Drigalski, Hektoen, SS etc.
up to 44 ºC. No growth at 4 ºC. Media: Trypticase Soy Agar ± 5% sheep blood,
Trypticase Soy Broth, Mueller-Hinton agar, Mac Conkey agar, Drigalski, Hektoen, SS etc.
Widely distributed in nature. Isolated from soil, water , plants, clinical human & animal specimens (wounds, burns, urinary &
respiratory tract ).
respiratory tract ).
Bacteria is the causative agent of “blue pus” (from where the “pyocyaneus” name derived).
Urinary tract infections, respiratory infections, dermatitis, conjunctivitis, otitis, osteomielitis, systemic infections, nosocomial
infections, particularly in organisms who are immunosuppressed. Produces two extracellular protein toxins (Exoenzyme S and
Exotoxin A), cytotoxin, hemolysins and two extracellular proteases (elastase & alkaline protease).
Plant pathogen (isolated from tobacco spotted leafs).
Urinary tract infections, respiratory infections, dermatitis, conjunctivitis, otitis, osteomielitis, systemic infections, nosocomial
infections, particularly in organisms who are immunosuppressed. Produces two extracellular protein toxins (Exoenzyme S and
Exotoxin A), cytotoxin, hemolysins and two extracellular proteases (elastase & alkaline protease).
Plant pathogen (isolated from tobacco spotted leafs).
- Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed., 1994.
- Migula W.: System der Bakterien, Vol. 2, Gustav Fischer, Jena, 1900.
- Schroeter J.: Über einige durch Bacterien gebildete Pigmente. (1872). In: F. COHN (ed.), Beitrage zur Biologie der Pflanzen, J.
U. Kern's Verlag, Breslau, 1875, pp. 109-126. - Topley & Wilson’s Microbiology and Microbial Infections, 10 edition, Vol. 2, Bacteriology, Edward Arnold Ltd.
- George M. Garrity, Julia A. Bell & Timothy Lilburn: Order IX Pseudomonadales Orla-Jensen 1921In: Bergey’s Manual of
Systematic Bacteriology, Second edition,Vol two, part B, George M. Garrity (Editor-in-Chief), pp. 323-442. - Tratat de microbiologie clinica, D. Buiuc, M. Negut, Ed. Medicala, Bucuresti, 770-771.
Nitrates reduction, arginine dihydrolase, oxidase, gelatin liquefaction, lipase, utilization
of citrate, acetate, alanine, L-asparagine, L-aspartate, betaine, caprate, fumarate,
beta-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, malate, proline, putresceine, pyruvate, succinate, adipate,
beta-alanine, arginine, spermine, L-tyrosine, anthranilate, benzoate, butanol,
2.3.butylene glycol, butyrate, caproate, ethanol, propanol, D-fructose, D-glucose,
gluconate, glycerate, histamine, L-histidine, p-hydroxybenzoate, isobutanol, isobutyrate,
itaconate, mesaconate, 2-ketogluconate, L-leucine, levulinate, L-lysine, malonate,
mannitol, L-ornithine, propionate, ribose & valerate are positive.
of citrate, acetate, alanine, L-asparagine, L-aspartate, betaine, caprate, fumarate,
beta-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, malate, proline, putresceine, pyruvate, succinate, adipate,
beta-alanine, arginine, spermine, L-tyrosine, anthranilate, benzoate, butanol,
2.3.butylene glycol, butyrate, caproate, ethanol, propanol, D-fructose, D-glucose,
gluconate, glycerate, histamine, L-histidine, p-hydroxybenzoate, isobutanol, isobutyrate,
itaconate, mesaconate, 2-ketogluconate, L-leucine, levulinate, L-lysine, malonate,
mannitol, L-ornithine, propionate, ribose & valerate are positive.
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
Lecithinase, levan formation, utilization of adonitol, arabinose, benzylamine, cellobiose, ethylene glycol, fucose, inulin, isopropanol,
lactose, maleate, maltose, methanol, poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate, salicin, starch, L-threonine, citraconate, creatine, D-galactose,
glycolate, hippurate, o- & m-hydroxybenzoate, m-inositol, D-mannose, mucate, naphtalene, nicotinate, pantothenate, phenol,
L-rhamnose, sorbitol, sucrose, tartrate, testosterone, trehalose, D-tryptophan & D-xylose are negative.
Urease, utilization of citraconate, dodecane, hexadecane, ethanolamine, ethanolamine, glycine, L-isoleucine, L-valine, D-malate,
L-phenilalanine, propylene glycol, sarcosine, L-serine & L-tryptophan are variable.
lactose, maleate, maltose, methanol, poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate, salicin, starch, L-threonine, citraconate, creatine, D-galactose,
glycolate, hippurate, o- & m-hydroxybenzoate, m-inositol, D-mannose, mucate, naphtalene, nicotinate, pantothenate, phenol,
L-rhamnose, sorbitol, sucrose, tartrate, testosterone, trehalose, D-tryptophan & D-xylose are negative.
Urease, utilization of citraconate, dodecane, hexadecane, ethanolamine, ethanolamine, glycine, L-isoleucine, L-valine, D-malate,
L-phenilalanine, propylene glycol, sarcosine, L-serine & L-tryptophan are variable.
(c) Costin Stoica
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