|
Taxonomy
Morphology
Growth conditions
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Proteobacteria => Gammaproteobacteria => Enterobacteriales => Enterobacteriaceae => Shigella =>
Shigella boydii Ewing 1949
Shigella dysenteriae - type species of the genus, Castellani and Chalmers 1919 (Bacillus dysentericus, Shiga 1897)
Shigella flexneri Castellani and Chalmers 1919
Shigella sonnei (Levine 1920) Weldin 1927.
The Shigella species and Escherichia coli are a single species on the basis of DNA relatedness, but they remain separate species to avoid confusion.
Shigella boydii Ewing 1949
Shigella dysenteriae - type species of the genus, Castellani and Chalmers 1919 (Bacillus dysentericus, Shiga 1897)
Shigella flexneri Castellani and Chalmers 1919
Shigella sonnei (Levine 1920) Weldin 1927.
The Shigella species and Escherichia coli are a single species on the basis of DNA relatedness, but they remain separate species to avoid confusion.
Gram negative rods. Non-motile, not encapsulated.
Growth inhibited by KCN
Facultatively anaerobic, growth temperature 37 °C.
Nutrient Agar or Nutrient Broth
Trypticase Soy Agar ± 5% sheep blood
Mac Conkey Agar
Facultatively anaerobic, growth temperature 37 °C.
Nutrient Agar or Nutrient Broth
Trypticase Soy Agar ± 5% sheep blood
Mac Conkey Agar
Widely distributed in nature. Isolated from feces, water & soil. The normal habitat is intestinal tract of man & apes.
Shigella species are commonly pathogenic to humans, causing severe
gastroenteritis (dysentery), more severe in children.
gastroenteritis (dysentery), more severe in children.
- Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed., 1994;
- Ewing W.H.: Shigella nomenclature. Journal of Bacteriology, 1949, 57, 633-638.
- Levine M.: Dysentery and allied bacilli. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1920, 27, 31-39
- Castellani A. & Chalmers A.J.: Manual of Tropical Medicine, 3rd ed., Williams Wood and Co., New York, 1919, p. 935.
Cannot use citrate as sole C source. H2S not produced. Carbohydrates fermented without gas production.
The four species are often reffered to as subgroups A to D. Subgroup A strains are mannitol non-fermenters (most of them) and the
other 3 subgroups are mannitol fermenters.
subgroup A: S. dysenteriae
subgroup B: S. flexneri
subgroup C: S. boydii
subgroup D: S. sonnei
See table at the end.
The four species are often reffered to as subgroups A to D. Subgroup A strains are mannitol non-fermenters (most of them) and the
other 3 subgroups are mannitol fermenters.
subgroup A: S. dysenteriae
subgroup B: S. flexneri
subgroup C: S. boydii
subgroup D: S. sonnei
See table at the end.
|
|
Pigment |
Catalase |
Oxidase |
Lactose |
ONPG |
ADH |
LDC |
ODC |
|
Shigella
boydii / dysenteriae / flexneri |
- |
+ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Shigella
sonnei |
- |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
|
Indole production |
Citrate utilization |
Hydrogen sulfide |
Urea hydrolysis |
Voges-Proskauer |
Phenilalanine |
Motility |
Gelatinase |
Growth on KCN media |
Malonate |
|
= |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
Glucose |
Gas from glucose |
D-Mannitol |
Inositol |
D-Sorbitol |
L-Rhamnose |
Sucrose (Sacharose) |
Melibiose |
L-Arabinose |
Nitrate reduction |
|
+ |
- |
+ |
- |
= |
- |
- |
= |
= |
+ |
|
+ |
- |
+ |
- |
- |
[+] |
- |
[-] |
+ |
+ |
|
Cellobiose |
Dulcitol |
Glycerol |
Maltose |
D-Mannose |
Alfa-Methyl-D-Glucoside |
Raffinose |
Salicin |
Trehalose |
D-Xylose |
|
- |
- |
- |
= |
+ |
- |
= |
- |
[+] |
- |
|
- |
- |
[-] |
+ |
+ |
- |
- |
- |
+ |
- |
|
Mucate |
Tartrate ( |
Esculin hydrolysis |
Acetate utilization |
Deoxyribonuclease |
Lipase |
Mehyl red |
D-Adonitol |
|
- |
= |
- |
- |
- |
- |
+ |
- |
|
- |
+ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
+ |
- |
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