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Taxonomy
Morphology
Growth conditions
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Proteobacteria => Gammaproteobacteria => Enterobacteriales => Enterobacteriaceae => Pantoea =>
Pantoea agglomerans - type species of the genus, Gavini 1989, old synonyms: Bacillus agglomerans, Beijerinck 1888, Enterobacter
agglomerans, Ewing and Fife 1972, Erwinia herbicola (Löhnis 1911) Dye 1964;
Pantoea ananatis Mergaert et al. 1993, basonym: Erwinia ananas, other synonyms: Bacillus ananas Serrano 1928, Erwinia uredovora
(Pon et al. 1954) Dye 1963, Erwinia herbicola var. ananas (Serrano 1928) Dye 1969;
Pantoea cypripedii (Hori 1911) Brady et al. 2010, basonym: Erwinia cypripedii (Hori 1911) Bergey et al. 1923;
Pantoea citrea Kageyama et al. 1992;
Pantoea dispersa Gavini et al. 1989;
Pantoea punctata Kageyama et al. 1992;
Pantoea stewartii (Smith 1898) Mergaert et al. 1993, basonym: Erwinia stewartii, Dye 1963;
Pantoea terrea Kageyama et al. 1992
Pantoea agglomerans - type species of the genus, Gavini 1989, old synonyms: Bacillus agglomerans, Beijerinck 1888, Enterobacter
agglomerans, Ewing and Fife 1972, Erwinia herbicola (Löhnis 1911) Dye 1964;
Pantoea ananatis Mergaert et al. 1993, basonym: Erwinia ananas, other synonyms: Bacillus ananas Serrano 1928, Erwinia uredovora
(Pon et al. 1954) Dye 1963, Erwinia herbicola var. ananas (Serrano 1928) Dye 1969;
Pantoea cypripedii (Hori 1911) Brady et al. 2010, basonym: Erwinia cypripedii (Hori 1911) Bergey et al. 1923;
Pantoea citrea Kageyama et al. 1992;
Pantoea dispersa Gavini et al. 1989;
Pantoea punctata Kageyama et al. 1992;
Pantoea stewartii (Smith 1898) Mergaert et al. 1993, basonym: Erwinia stewartii, Dye 1963;
Pantoea terrea Kageyama et al. 1992
Gram negative, non-sporing rods, 0.4-0.7 / 0.9-2.0 μm, motile by peritrichous flagella.
Facultatively anaerobic, growth temperature 30 - 37 °C.
Grow on media: Nutrient agar or nutrient broth; Trypticase Soy Agar ± 5% sheep blood;
Luria-Bertani medium. P. stewartii colonies produce a yellow/orange pigment.
Grow on media: Nutrient agar or nutrient broth; Trypticase Soy Agar ± 5% sheep blood;
Luria-Bertani medium. P. stewartii colonies produce a yellow/orange pigment.
Widely distributed in nature. Isolated from water, soil, plants and human & animal feces.
Pantoea (Erwinia) stewartii was isolated from maize (sweet corn).
Pantoea punctata, Pantoea citrea & Pantoea terrea were isolated from fruit and soil
samples.
Pantoea cypripedii was isolated from orchids.
Pantoea (Erwinia) stewartii was isolated from maize (sweet corn).
Pantoea punctata, Pantoea citrea & Pantoea terrea were isolated from fruit and soil
samples.
Pantoea cypripedii was isolated from orchids.
Pantoea (Enterobacter) agglomerans can cause opportunistic infections in immune compromised patients. Some reports of
arthritis caused by P. agglomerans wound infection (plant thorn injury).
Pantoea cypripedii affects Cypripedium and other orchids (brown rots, maceration).
Pantoea (Erwinia) stewartii causes ‘Stewart’s bacterial wilt and leaf blight disease in corn (insects vectors).
Pantoea ananatis (Erwinia ananas / Erwinia uredovora) causes pink disease in pineapple (Ananas comosus), leafspot in
syngonium (Syngonium podophyllum), purple stain in papaya (Carica papaya) & cereal rust. One report of bacteremia in humans.
One report of pink disease of pineapple caused by Pantoea citrea (!?).
arthritis caused by P. agglomerans wound infection (plant thorn injury).
Pantoea cypripedii affects Cypripedium and other orchids (brown rots, maceration).
Pantoea (Erwinia) stewartii causes ‘Stewart’s bacterial wilt and leaf blight disease in corn (insects vectors).
Pantoea ananatis (Erwinia ananas / Erwinia uredovora) causes pink disease in pineapple (Ananas comosus), leafspot in
syngonium (Syngonium podophyllum), purple stain in papaya (Carica papaya) & cereal rust. One report of bacteremia in humans.
One report of pink disease of pineapple caused by Pantoea citrea (!?).
- Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed., 1994;
- Beijerinck, M. W. Cultur des Bacillus radicicola aus den Knöllchen. Bot Ztg 46, 740–750, 1888;
- Ewing, W. H. & Fife, M. A. Enterobacter agglomerans (Beijerinck) comb. nov. (the herbicola-lathyri bacteria). Int J Syst Bacteriol
22, 4–11, 1972. - Gavini F., Mergaert J., Beji A., Mielcarek C., Izard D., Kersters K. & De Ley J.: Transfer of Enterobacter agglomerans (Beijerinck
1888) Ewing and Fife 1972 to Pantoea gen. nov. as Pantoea agglomerans comb. nov. and description of Pantoea dispersa sp.
nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1989, 39, 337-345. - Mergaert J.et al.: Transfer of Erwinia ananas (synonym Erwinia uredovora) and Erwinia stewartii to the genus Pantoea emend.
as Pantoea ananas (Serrano 1928) comb. nov. and Pantoea stewartii (Smith 1898) comb. nov., respectively, and description of
Pantoea stewartii subsp. indologenes subsp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1993, 43, 162-173. - Kageyama B., Nakae M., Yagi S. & Sonoyama T.: Pantoea punctata sp. nov., Pantoea citrea sp. nov., and Pantoea terrea sp.
nov. isolated from fruit and soil samples. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1992, 42, 203-210. - Thierry De Baere et al.: Bacteremic Infection with Pantoea ananatis, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, September 2004, p. 4393-
4395, Vol. 42, No. 9.
See table at the end.
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|
Pigment |
Catalase |
Oxidase |
Lactose |
ONPG |
Arginine dihydrolase |
Lysine decarboxylase |
Ornithine decarboxylase |
|
Pantoea
agglomerans |
+ |
+ |
- |
[-] |
+ |
- |
- |
= |
|
Pantoea
dispersa |
= |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
- |
- |
- |
|
Indole production |
Citrate utilization |
Hydrogen sulfide |
Urea hydrolysis |
Voges-Proskauer |
Phenilalanine |
Motility |
Gelatinase |
Growth on KCN media |
Malonate |
|
- |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
[+] |
+ |
- |
[+] |
+ |
|
- |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
- |
+ |
- |
+ |
- |
|
Glucose |
Gas from glucose |
D-Mannitol |
Inositol |
D-Sorbitol |
L-Rhamnose |
Sucrose (Sacharose) |
Melibiose |
L-Arabinose |
Nitrate reduction |
|
+ |
- |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
+ |
- |
+ |
+ |
|
+ |
- |
+ |
= |
- |
+ |
+ |
- |
= |
= |
|
Cellobiose |
Dulcitol |
Glycerol |
Maltose |
D-Mannose |
Alfa-Methyl-D-Glucoside |
Raffinose |
Salicin |
Trehalose |
D-Xylose |
|
= |
- |
- |
+ |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
= |
- |
[-] |
+ |
+ |
- |
- |
- |
+ |
+ |
|
Mucate |
Tartrate ( |
Esculin hydrolysis |
Acetate utilization |
Deoxyribonuclease |
Lipase |
Mehyl red |
D-Adonitol |
|
- |
- |
+ |
X |
- |
X |
= |
- |
|
= |
= |
- |
X |
- |
X |
= |
- |
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