Genus Kluyvera
Taxonomy
Morphology
Growth conditions
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Proteobacteria => Gammaproteobacteria => Enterobacteriales => Enterobacteriaceae => Kluyvera =>
Kluyvera ascorbata - type species of the genus, Farmer et al. 1981,
Kluyvera cryocrescens Farmer et al. 1981,
Kluyvera intermedia (Izard et al. 1980) Pavan et al. 2005  (Late synonym: Kluyvera cochleae  Müller et al. 1996; basonym:
Enterobacter intermedius Izard et al. 1980),
Kluyvera georgiana Müller et al. 1996.
Gram negative, straight, facultatively anaerobic, motile by peritrichous flagella.
Nutrient agar or nutrient broth;
Trypticase Soy Agar ± 5% sheep blood;
MacConkey agar.
No special growth requirements. Facultatively anaerobic, optimum growth temperature 30 - 37 °C.
Widely distributed in nature. Isolated from clinical samples (humans & animals).
Kluyvera species are infrequent opportunistic pathogens. They may cause urinary, gastro-intestinal & respiratory infections,
bacteremia, peritonitis and soft-tissue infections.
  1. Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed., 1994;
  2. Farmer III J.J.: Kluyvera, a new (redefined) genus in the family Enterobacteriaceae: identification of Kluyvera ascorbata sp. nov.
    and Kluyvera cryocrescens sp. nov. in clinical specimens. J. Clin. Microbiol.,1981, 13, 919-933.
  3. Pavan M.E., Franco R.J., Rodriguez J.M., Gadaleta P., Abbott S.L., Janda J.M. & Zorzopulos J.: Phylogenetic relationships of the
    genus Kluyvera: transfer of Enterobacter intermedius Izard et al. 1980 to the genus Kluyvera as Kluyvera intermedia comb. nov.
    and reclassification of Kluyvera cochleae as a later synonym of K. intermedia. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2005, 55, 437-442.
  4. Muller H.E., Brenner D.J., Fanning G.R., Grimont P.A.D.& Kampfer P.: Emended description of Buttiauxella agrestis with
    recognition of six new species of Buttiauxella and two new species of Kluyvera: Buttiauxella ferragutiae sp. nov., Buttiauxella
    gaviniae sp. nov., Buttiauxella brennerae sp. nov., Buttiauxella izardii sp. nov., Buttiauxella noackiae sp. nov., Buttiauxella
    warmboldiae sp. nov., Kluyvera cochleae sp. nov., and Kluyvera georgiana sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1996, 46, 50-63.
See table at the end.
The tests normally used for identification does not clearly differentiate Kluyvera
ascorbata from Kluyvera cryocrescens, although these two species can be
differentiated by the K. ascorbata positive ascorbate test & growth failure at 5 ºC.

 

Pigment

Catalase

Oxidase

Lactose

ONPG

Arginine dihydrolase

Lysine decarboxylase

Ornithine decarboxylase

Kluyvera ascorbata

-

+

-

+

+

-

+

+

Kluyvera cryocrescens

-

+

-

+

+

-

[-]

+

 

Indole production

Citrate utilization

Hydrogen sulfide

Urea hydrolysis

Voges-Proskauer

Phenilalanine

Motility

Gelatinase

Growth on KCN media

Malonate

+

+

-

-

-

-

+

-

+

+

+

[+]

-

-

-

-

+

-

[+]

[+]

 

Glucose

Gas from glucose

D-Mannitol

Inositol

D-Sorbitol

L-Rhamnose

Sucrose (Sacharose)

Melibiose

L-Arabinose

Nitrate reduction

+

+

+

-

=

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

-

=

+

[+]

+

+

+

 

Cellobiose

Dulcitol

Glycerol

Maltose

D-Mannose

Alfa-Methyl-D-Glucoside

Raffinose

Salicin

Trehalose

D-Xylose

+

[-]

=

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

-

-

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

 

Mucate

Tartrate (Jordans)

Esculin hydrolysis

Acetate utilization

Deoxyribonuclease

Lipase

Mehyl red

D-Adonitol

+

=

+

=

-

-

+

-

[+]

[-]

+

[+]

-

-

+

-
For Kluyvera cochleae  (Kluyvera intermedia) identification see  Enterobacter intermedius.
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