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Taxonomy
Morphology
Cultural characteristics
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Proteobacteria => Gammaproteobacteria => Enterobacteriales => Enterobacteriaceae => Hafnia => Hafnia alvei (unique species),
Moller 1954. In the past, Hafnia was considered a member of the genus Enterobacter and named Enterobacter hafnia .
Moller 1954. In the past, Hafnia was considered a member of the genus Enterobacter and named Enterobacter hafnia .
Gram negative, straight, facultatively anaerobic, bipolar appearance bacilli. Colonies
are smooth (S type), low convex, entire edge, gray, 2 mm diameter after 24h incubation.
are smooth (S type), low convex, entire edge, gray, 2 mm diameter after 24h incubation.
Facultatively anaerobic, optimum growth temperature 22 - 37 °C. Mobile at 22 °C
sometimes mobile at 37 °C. Grow on Nutrient agar or nutrient broth, Trypticase Soy
Agar ± 5% sheep blood, Mac Conkey, SS agar, Drigalski, EMB agar.
sometimes mobile at 37 °C. Grow on Nutrient agar or nutrient broth, Trypticase Soy
Agar ± 5% sheep blood, Mac Conkey, SS agar, Drigalski, EMB agar.
Widely distributed in nature. Isolated from soil, water, dairy products and rarely from clinical specimens (feces) from humans & animals.
Hafnia alvei is an opportunistic pathogen. May cause nosocomial infections
associated with other germs (septicaemia, enteritis, urinary tract infections,
pneumonia, absceses). H. alvei has been associated with cases of diarrhoea (some strains of H.alvei-like are now known as
Escherichia albertii ). On animals may cause abortus, pneumonia, peritonitis or mammites.
May affect bees (bacteremia), especially those parasited with Varooa jacobsoni. Wort contaminant (brewery).
associated with other germs (septicaemia, enteritis, urinary tract infections,
pneumonia, absceses). H. alvei has been associated with cases of diarrhoea (some strains of H.alvei-like are now known as
Escherichia albertii ). On animals may cause abortus, pneumonia, peritonitis or mammites.
May affect bees (bacteremia), especially those parasited with Varooa jacobsoni. Wort contaminant (brewery).
- Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed., 1994;
- MJ Albert, K Alam, M Islam, J Montanaro, A S Rahaman, K Haider, M A Hossain, A K Kibriya, and S Tzipori Hafnia alvei, a
probable cause of diarrhea in humans. Infect Immun. 1991 April; 59(4): 1507–1513. - Kevin B Laupland, Deirdre L Church, Terry Ross and Johann DD Pitout: Population-based laboratory surveillance of Hafnia
alvei isolates in a large Canadian health region. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials 2006, 5:12 - Moller V. : Distribution of amino acid decarboxylases in Enterobacteriaceae. Acta Pathologica et Bacteriologica Scandinavica,
1954, 35, 259-277.
Lactose negative, H2S negative. See table at the end.
(c) Costin Stoica
|
|
Pigment |
Catalase |
Oxidase |
Lactose |
ONPG |
Arginine dihydrolase |
Lysine decarboxylase |
Ornithine decarboxylase |
|
Hafnia
alvei |
- |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
- |
+ |
+ |
|
Indole production |
Citrate utilization |
Hydrogen sulfide |
Urea hydrolysis |
Voges-Proskauer |
Phenilalanine |
Motility |
Gelatinase |
Growth on KCN media |
Malonate |
|
- |
- |
- |
- |
[+] |
- |
[+] |
- |
+ |
= |
|
Glucose |
Gas from glucose |
D-Mannitol |
Inositol |
D-Sorbitol |
L-Rhamnose |
Sucrose (Sacharose) |
Melibiose |
L-Arabinose |
Nitrate reduction |
|
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
- |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
Cellobiose |
Dulcitol |
Glycerol |
Maltose |
D-Mannose |
Alfa-Methyl-D-Glucoside |
Raffinose |
Salicin |
Trehalose |
|
[-] |
- |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
- |
[-] |
+ |
|
D-Xylose |
Mucate |
Tartrate ( |
Esculin hydrolysis |
Acetate utilization |
Deoxyribonuclease |
Lipase |
Mehyl red |
D-Adonitol |
|
+ |
- |
= |
- |
[-] |
- |
- |
= |
- |
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