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Taxonomy
Morphology
Growth conditions
Biochemical characters
Ecology
Pathogenicity
References
Bacteria => Firmicutes => Bacilli => Bacillales => Paenibacillaceae => Paenibacillus => Paenibacillus alvei Ash et al. 1994, (formerly
Bacillus alvei Cheshire and Cheyne 1885). First isolated in 1885 by Cheshire & Cheyne from honeybees larvae dead or affected by
European foulbrood.
In 1994 Ash et al.created genus Paenibacillus including Paenibacillus alvei.
Bacillus alvei Cheshire and Cheyne 1885). First isolated in 1885 by Cheshire & Cheyne from honeybees larvae dead or affected by
European foulbrood.
In 1994 Ash et al.created genus Paenibacillus including Paenibacillus alvei.
2.2-4.5 / 0.6-0.8 μm, motile (most of them), Gram stain variable (generally Gram positive).
Central / sub-terminal, ellipsoidal, deforming, 1.8-2.2 / 0.8 μm spores. No capsule present.
Central / sub-terminal, ellipsoidal, deforming, 1.8-2.2 / 0.8 μm spores. No capsule present.
Facultative anaerobe. Maximum growth temperature 35-45 ºC, minimum 15-20 ºC.
Do not grow at pH 5.7.
Grow on simple media (Nutritive agar / Nutritive broth).
Cultural characters:
- in liquid medium: thin surface film, uniform turbidity.
- on agar: 1-3 mm Ө , R-type, white-yellowish colonies, with irregular margins and circular
expansions (galaxy aspect). Non-haemolytic on blood agar.
Do not grow at pH 5.7.
Grow on simple media (Nutritive agar / Nutritive broth).
Cultural characters:
- in liquid medium: thin surface film, uniform turbidity.
- on agar: 1-3 mm Ө , R-type, white-yellowish colonies, with irregular margins and circular
expansions (galaxy aspect). Non-haemolytic on blood agar.
Isolated from soil, honeybees larvae dead or affected by European foulbrood and from
healthy adult bees.
healthy adult bees.
Is a component of associative flora in European foulbrood, invading dead larvae first
infected with Melissococcus pluton (European foulbrood agent).
Some human infection reports cited: ocular, wound & pulmonary infections in
immunosuppressed organisms; also meningitis in children (rarely).
infected with Melissococcus pluton (European foulbrood agent).
Some human infection reports cited: ocular, wound & pulmonary infections in
immunosuppressed organisms; also meningitis in children (rarely).
- Bailey L. (1963) – Infectious disease of honey-bee. Land Books Limited, London.
- Gordon R.E., Haynes W.C., Pang C.H. (1973) – The genus Bacillus . Agriculture Handbook No. 427, U.S.D.A., Washington D.C.
- Buchanan R.E., Gibbons N.E., Cowan S.T., Holt J.G., Liston J., Murray R.G.E., Niven C.F., Ravin A.W., Stanier R.W. ( 1974) –
Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, Eight Edition, The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore. - Sorescu Ionut (1998) – Cercetari privind raspunsul imun in principalele boli bacteriene si micotice ale albinei melifere, Apis
mellifera L. Teza de doctorat, USAMV Bucuresti. - Gilliam Martha, Valentine Diane K. (1976): Bacteria isolated from the intestinal contents of foranging worker honey bees, Apis
mellifera: the genus Bacillus. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 28, 275-276. - Buiuc D., Negut M. , 1999. Tratat de Microbiologie Clinica, Editura Medicala, Bucuresti.
Casein decomposition, Gelatin liquefaction, Starch hydrolysis, Voges-Proskauer,
Catalase, Indole positive
Nitrates reduction, Phenilalanine, Acid from arabinose, xilose & mannitol negative
Catalase, Indole positive
Nitrates reduction, Phenilalanine, Acid from arabinose, xilose & mannitol negative
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